Research paper on Masaaki Suzuki Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

On Masaaki Suzuki - Research Paper Example The World War II was a disaster for his family, as his father’s music factory was bombed and he also tragically lost his brother in the war. Left penniless and without his teaching job, his family moved to a nearby city, where Suzuki started constructing wooden planes to raise some money. However, he continued teaching orphaned kids and later on adopted one of his students, developing teaching strategies and methodologies with his assistance. He combined the practical teaching applications of his, with traditional Asian philosophy concepts. His contributions to the field of pedagogy are worth mentioning. Suzuki also collaborated with other thinkers of his time, like Glenn Doman, founder of The Institutes for the Achievement of Human Potential, an organization that studied neurological development in young children. â€Å"Suzuki and Doman agreed on the premise that all young children had great potential† (jameslogancourier.org). Suzuki was also a national patron of Delta Omicron, an international professional music fraternity. For his many contributions, the Emperor of Japan appointed Suzuki to the order of the National Treasure. He died in the year 1998 at the age of 99. His Contributions Suzuki developed his ideas through "Talent Education", a method of instruction which he developed. Basing his method on the role of mother tongue in any learning process, he remarked, â€Å"Though still in an experimental stage, Talent Education has realized that all children in the world show their splendid capacities by speaking and understanding their mother language, thus displaying the original power of the human mind†( qtd. by Behrend 3). He believed that native language method holds the key to human development, and noted that children, whether they are born in German or Japanese households, will naturally learn to speak their mother tongue in a more effective manner. This is because, children will be mainly influenced by what they are exposed to or learn in their childhood. On the same lines, he concluded that all the children can exhibit and develop musical ability, and the environment in which they live and thrive, will mainly influence that development. Suzuki has applied this method through Talent Education to teach music to children. That is, children were taken without previous aptitude or intelligence test of any kind, and are brought into a learning environment. Through this process, he understood that everyone will not be able to achieve same level of proficiency and achievement, however, each one can achieve developments and skill that will be equivalent of his language proficiency in other fields. With this hypothesis, Suzuki believed that talent is not something that is inborn, but that can be created or developed. He felt that children can learn music the same way they learn their mother tongue. He called this process a Mother Tongue method. According to him, through this method, children will not only be able to learn music, but will be able to play music at high standards. His motive was not only training but also overall development of the child as an individual. His Methodologies He explained that he does not train children who are prodigies, neither are they gifted with an inherent talent nor their parents are professional musicians. He stated that if parents adopt his approach of music learning, and keep on repeating in

Identifying Bacteria Essay Example for Free

Identifying Bacteria Essay Bacteria identification is accomplished in a number of ways. Two common tools microbiologists use to identify unknown bacteria include dichotomous key and biochemical tests. The dichotomous key is useful when a microbiologist only needs to know which group an unknown microbe belongs to on a general level. When a microbiologist needs to identify a specific bacterium, biochemical tests are used. PART ONE: GENERAL BACTERIA IDENTIFICATION Review the dichotomous key in Figure A, the bacterial shapes in Figure B, and the Gram stain information below. You will use all three to determine to which major group unknown bacteria belong. Gram Stain Results: Purple = Gram positive Red = Gram negative Neither purple nor red = No cell wall (neither Gram positive nor Gram negative) Review Figure C on the following page. Use Figure C to identify the type of arrangement displayed by the unknown bacteria. Read through the Sample Identification on the following page for an example of how to identify bacterial groups and arrangements using Figures A, B, C, and the Gram stain results. Sample Identification After performing a Gram stain, you observe the following under a microscope: (Cells are stained red.) Begin with item 1 on the dichotomous key (Figure A). Because the organisms  are red, they are not Gram-positive. According to the key, continue to item 3. Because the organism is red (not clear or another color), it is indeed Gram-negative according to item 3. The key directs you to item 5. Consider the shape of individual cells for item 5. According to Figure B, the shape type is closest to spherical. (Note: spherical is circular.) The bacteria belong to the Gram-negative cocci group. Now use Figure C to describe arrangement of bacteria. (The bacteria are not rod- or club-shaped, so focus on the cocci arrangements.) Identify the arrangement that is most prominent. The bacteria are arranged in a diplo- fashion. Enter the group and arrangement in the table. Application Use Figures A, B, C, and Gram stain results to identify group and arrangement of bacteria. Continue to Part Two after completing the table. View from Microscope Group of Bacteria Arrangement (stained red) Gram-negative cocci Diplo- (stained purple) (stained purple) (stained red) (stained red) (stained purple) (stained purple) PART TWO: CAse study scenario: identify specific bacteria through biochemical testing To gain an understanding of the processes involved with identifying bacteria through biochemical tests, access Chapter 6 of the text in WileyPlus located on the Week One course page. Once in WileyPlus (Chapter 6), select the â€Å"Bacterial Identification by API† link located under the heading, Take Another Look. Once selected, review the information and watch the Flash-animated movie (animation) located within this link. Then, review the following scenario and answer the questions that follow. Case Study A recent outbreak of food poisoning has occurred in a community. One possible source of contamination may be the produce that is grown and distributed locally at a farmer’s market. A test sample of some of the produce revealed evidence of bacterial contamination. The bacteria sample was tested in a microbiology lab and showed the results that follow. The laboratory also performed a Gram stain of the isolated bacteria and ran a number of biochemical tests to aid identification. The biochemical tests were assayed using the Analytical Profile Index (API) 20E system for identification of Enterobacteriaceae and other gram-negative bacteria. Figure 1. Microbiology laboratory results – Unknown bacteria present on produce (API Results) Figure 2. API Results of Unknown Bacteria in Text Format Gram stain: Gram-negative Based on Gram stain results and the knowledge that this bacterium caused food poisoning, the laboratory is able to narrow down the possibilities to three bacterial strains. Figure 3 shows the API results: Figure 3. API Results of Known Bacterial Strains in Text Format Gram stain Application Compare the API biochemical test results in Figure 2 (unknown bacteria from  produce) with API test results in Figure 3 (known bacterial strains identified in the gray boxes on the left). The bacterial strain in Figure 3 that matches Figure 2 will identify the bacterial strain causing illness. Based upon your observations, which of the bacteria in Figure 3 is the most likely cause of the food poisoning outbreak?

Does King Lear Play The Tragic :: essays research papers

Does King Lear Play the Tragic Hero, or the Autocrat? It is quite possible to make an argument in favour of either answer, an argument that would prove to be quite a debate, although one answer would weigh in favour of the other. To prove this, certain elements would have to be analysed thoroughly, all aspects taken into context and sufficient research done into the matter. This is the only method in which a fair debate of the argument can be taken into consideration. We can only find the answer to this question if we know what the two arguments mean; this will provide a solid base onto which the rest of the debate can rest, a foundation of fact. Aristotle, a great founder of the definition of tragedy used the word catharsis to describe the effects of true tragedy on the spectator. Aristotle stated that the purpose of tragedy was to invoke pity and terror, and thereby effect the catharsis of these emotions. Other critics see tragedy as a moral lesson in which fear and pity are excited by the tragic hero’s fate serve to warn the spectator not to similarly tempt providence. This interpretation is generally accepted that through experiencing fear vicariously in a controlled situation, the spectators own anxieties are directed outward, and, through sympathetic identification was the protagonist, his insight and outlook are enlarged. Also, as importantly and significantly, Aristotle introduced the term hamartia, the tragic flaw, or an inherent defect or shortcoming in the hero of a tragedy. Aristotle casually described the tragic hero as a man of noble rank and nature whose misfortune is not brought upon him by villainy or corruption, but by some error of judgement. This imperfection later became known, or interpreted as a moral flaw, although most great tragedies defy such a simple distinction of the term. We could say that in many cases of tragedy the hero is never passive, but struggles to resolve his tragic difficulty with an obsessive dedication, that he is guilty of presuming that he is godlike, attempting to surpass his own human limitations. The need, or lack of order in a society, could be a reason why the tragedy came to be, and is known in Greek terms as hubris. This ethical and religious thought portrays the resulting implications of impious disregard of the limits governing human action in an orderly universe. It is the sin to which the great and the gifted are most susceptible, and in Greek tragedy is usually the hero’s tragic flaw.

Math Paper

Derp university Derp derpington Human Resource Management Research Paper is Business Mathematics 101 1st Tri Semester SY 2011-2012 Ms. derpina derp TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTii TOPICS Simple Discount1 Simple Interest2 Four types of Interest available3 Compounded Amount and Compound Interest4 Linear Programming Problems * Maximization6 * Minimization8 Forecasting by Trend Projection10 Acknowledgement I would like to thank God for guiding and giving me motivation to do this math research paper; my friends for answering my questions about this paper; Dr. Masajo for giving me the opportunity to gain more knowledge; and my mother to constantly remind me to do better in college. I would like to thank my mentor, Ms. Grace Chong, for being my mentor and to aid me in my college life. Simple Discount Find the present value of $3800 due in 6 months at 7% discount rate. A) F = $3800 d = 7% = . 07 t = 6 / 12 = 1/2 Formula: D = Fdt Solution: D = $3800 (. 07) (1/2) D = $133 P = F – D P = $3800 – $133 P = $3667 Discount $2056. 80 for 85 days at a discount rate of 6 ? % B) F = 2056. 80 d = 6 ? % = . 065 t = 85 / 360 = 17 / 72 years Formula: D = Fdt Solution: D = $2056. 80 (. 065) (17/72) D = $31. 57 P = F – D P = $2056. 80 – $31. 57 P = $2025. 13 Simple Interest Find simple interest on $10,000 at the rate of 5% for 5 years. Also find the amount for 5 years. A) P = $10,000 R = 5% = . 05 T = 5 years = n = 5 I = PRT I = $10,000 (. 05) (5) I = $2500 A = P + I A = $10,000 + $2500 A = $12,500 Find simple interest on $15,600 for 1 ? years at the rate of 8% per annum. Also find total amount. B) P = $15,600 R = 8% = . 08 T = 1 ? = n = 1 ? I = PRT I = $15,600 (. 08) (1? ) I = $1872 A = P + I A = $15,600 + $1872 A = $17472 4 Types of Interest Available Find the different interest on $1000 at 6% from June 23 2011 to September 21 2015. A) Approximate number of days: Year: 2015 – 2011 = 4 Month: 8 – 6 = 2 Days: 51 – 23 = 28 4 x 360 = 1440 2 x 30 = 60 28 = 28 = 1528 Days B) Actual Number of days: 4 years x 365 days = 1463 days January 30 – June 23 = 173 days January 30 – September 21 = 263 days 1463 Days – 173 days = 1287 days 1287 Days + 263 days = 1550 days = 1550 days C) Io interest for approximate number of days: Io = PRT = $1000 (. 06) (1528/360) Io = $254. 67 D) Ie interest for approximate number of days: Ie = PRT = $1000 (. 06) (1528/365) Ie = $251. 8 E) Io interest for actual number of days: Io = PRT = $1000 (. 06) (1550/360) Io = $258. 33 F) Ie Interest for actual number of days: Ie = PRT = $1000 (. 06) (1528/365) Ie = $254. 79 Compounded amount and Compounded interest Find the Compounded amount and compounded interest of $1000 at 7% for 3 years A) B) Compounded Annually P = $1000 R = 7% = . 07 T = 3 years = N = 3 x 1 = 3 A = P (1+i) ^ n A = $1000 (1+0. 7) ^ 3 A = $1225. 043 I = A – P I = $1225. 043 – $1000 I = $225. 043 C) Compounded Semi – Annually P = $1000 R = 7 / 2 % = 3. 5 = . 035 T = 3 years = N = 3 x 2 = 6 A = P (1+i) ^ n A = $1000 (1+0. 5) ^ 6 A = $1229. 36 I = A – P I = $1229. 36 – $1000 I = $229. 36 D) Compounded Quarterly P = $1000 R = 7 / 4% = 1. 75 = . 0175 T = 3 years = N = 3 x 4 = 12 A = P (1+i) ^ n A = $1000 (1+0. 175) ^ 12 A = $1231. 44 I = A – P I = $1231. 44 – $1000 I = $231. 44 E) Compounded Monthly P = $1000 R = 7 / 12% = . 5833 = . 00583 T = 3 years = N = 3 x 12 = 36 A = P (1+i) ^ n A = $1000 (1+. 00583) ^ 36 A = $1232. 78 I = A – P I = $1232. 78 – $1000 I = $232. 78 Compounded amount and Compounded interest Find the Compounded amount and compounded interest of $1500 at 5% for 3 years A) B) Compounded Annually P = $1500 R = 5% = . 05 T = 3 years = N = 3 x 1 = 3 A = P (1+i) ^ n A = $1500 (1+. 05) ^ 3 A = $1736. 4375 I = A – P I = $1736. 4375 – $1500 I = $236. 4375 C) Compounded Semi – Annually P = $1500 R = 5 / 2 % = 2. 5 = . 025 T = 3 years = N = 3 x 2 = 6 A = P (1+i) ^ n A = $1500 (1+. 025) ^ 6 A = $1739. 540127 I = A – P I = $1739. 540127 – $1500 I = $739. 540127 D) Compounded Quarterly P = $1500 R = 5 / 4% = 1. 25 = . 0125 T = 3 years = N = 3 x 4 = 12 A = P (1+i) ^ n A = $1500 (1+. 0125) ^ 12 A = $1741. 131777 I = A – P I = $1741. 131777 – $1500 I = $741. 131777 E) Compounded Monthly P = $1500 R = 5 / 12% = . 41666 = . 00416 T = 3 years = N = 3 x 12 = 36 A = P (1+i) ^ n A = $1500 (1+. 00416) ^ 36 A = $1741. 792 I = A – P I = $1741. 792 – $1500 I = $741. 792 Linear Programming Problems (Maximization) Levi’s Jeans manufacturing company purchase2 styles of jeans, style X and style Y, which sell for $90 and $75 appropriately. Unit production test for style X is $40 and for style Y $35. Raw materials available monthly are 90 meters while processing time at a max of 70 hours per week. Style X jeans made 3 meters of materials and 2 for processing them. For style Y, 2 meters and 2 for processing. Style X market demand is no more than 40 per week. How many of each style should be produced in each week in order to make profit maximum? | Style X| Style Y| Total Available| RM| 3| 2| 90| PT| 2| 2| 70| MD| 40| | | | Style X| Style Y| USP| $90| $75| UPE| 40| 35| UBM| $50| $40| Composition of linear programming problems: I. Decision Variable X = Number of style X to be produced weekly Y = Number of style Y to be produced weekly II. Objective Function Maximum Profit (Z): Z = $50X+$40Y III. Subjects & Constraints: RM = 3X+2Y < 90PT = 2X+2Y < 70 MD = X < 40X; Y > 0 IV. Graphical Solutions A) By intercept B) Graphical presentations and points A intersection between 2 lines C) Testing the curve of the convex polygon formed form the objective function V. Decision Raw Materials: 3X+2Y < 90 X = 30 Y = 45 Processing Time: 2X+2Y < 70 X = 35 Y = 35 Market Demand: X = 40 A) Z = $50X + $40Y = $50(0) + $40(35) =$1400 B) Z = $50X + $40Y = $50(20) + $40(75) =$1600 C) Z = $50X + $40Y = $50(30) + $40(0) =$1500 Choose B. Decision: The Levi’s manufacturing company must produce 20 pieces of style X and 50 pieces of style Y to have a maximum profit of $1600. Linear Programming Problems (Minimization) Mrs. Smith mining company owns two mines grading ores graded into 3 classes. High grade (H), Medium grade (M) and low grade (L). The company is tied with a contract to provide a smelting plant with 12 tons of (H), 8 tons of (M), and 24 tons of (L) per week. It costs $2000 per day to run mine 1 and $1600 per day to run mine 2. In a day operation, Mine 1 produces 6 tons of (H), 2 tons of (M) and 4 tons of (L). While mine 2 produces 2 tons of (H); 2 tons of (M) and 12 tons of (L). How many days a week should each mines operation to fulfil company’s commitment most economically? | Mine 1| Mine 2| Total Available| H| 6| 2| 12| M| 2| 2| 8| L| 4| 12| 24| Cost| $2000| $1600| | I. Decision Variables: X = Number of days to run mine 1 Y = Number of days to run mine 2 II. Objective Functions: Minimum Cost = $2000X + $1600Y III. Subjects to Constraints: H = 6X + 2Y > 12 M = 2X + 2Y > 8 L = 4X + 12Y > 24 X; Y < 0 IV. Graphical Solutions H = 6X + 2Y > 12M = 2X + 2Y > 8L = 4X + 12Y > 24 X = 2 Y = 6X = 4 Y = 4X = 6 Y = 2 P1 (0,6) Min C = $2000(0) + $1600(6) = $9600 P2 (1,3) Min C = $2000(1) + $1600(3) = $6800 P3 (3,1) Min C = $2000(3) + $1600(1) = $7600 P4 (6,0) Min C = $2000(6) + $1600(0) = $12000 Choose P2 V. Decision: Mrs. Smith’s mining company should run mine 1 for 1 day and Mine 2 for 3 days in order to have a minimum cost of $6800. Forecasting by Trend Projection Forecast and graph the production of rice in the Philippines for the years 2012 and 2015 of the annual production of rice from year 2000 to year 2010. Year (N)| Production of Rice (Y)| X| XY| Y’| X^2| 2000| 20| 0| 0| | 0| 2001| 22| 1| 22| | 1| 2002| 18| 2| 36| | 4| 2003| 19| 3| 57| | 9| 2004| 21| 4| 84| | 16| 2005| 24| 5| 120| | 25| 2006| 22| 6| 132| | 36| 2007| 26| 7| 182| | 49| 2008| 28| 8| 224| | 64| 2009| 25| 9| 225| | 81| 010| 30| 10| 300| | 100| | ? (Y) = 255| ? (X) = 55| ? (XY)=1382| | ? (X^2) = 385| 2 Normal Equations: ?(Y) = NA + B? (X)Equation 1 ?(XY) = A? (X) + B? (X^2)Equation 2 Solve for B) 255 = 11A + 55B (-5) 1382 = 55A + 385B -1275 = -55A – 275B 1382 = 55A + 385B 107 /100 = 110B /100 B = . 97272727 Solve for A) 255 = 11A + 55B 11A + 55B = 255 11A +55(. 97272727) = 255 11A + 5 3. 5 = 255 11 A = 255 – 53. 5 11A /11 = 201. 5 /11 A = 18. 31818182 A = 18. 32 B = 0. 97 Formula Y’ = A+Bx Year 2000 = 18. 32 + 0. 97(0) Y’ = 18. 32 Year 2001 = 18. 32 + 0. 97(1) Y’ = 19. 29 Year 2002 = 18. 32 + 0. 92(2) Y’ = 20. 6 Year 2003 = 21. 23 Year 2004 = 22. 2 Year 2005 = 23. 17 Year 2006 = 24. 14 Year 2007 = 25. 11 Year 2008 = 26. 08 Year 2009 = 27. 05 Year 2010 = 28. 02 In the table: Year (N)| Production of Rice (Y)| X| XY| Y’| X^2| 2000| 20| 0| 0| 18. 32| 0| 2001| 22| 1| 22| 19. 29| 1| 2002| 18| 2| 36| 20. 26| 4| 2003| 19| 3| 57| 21. 23| 9| 2004| 21| 4| 84| 22. 2| 16| 2005| 24| 5| 120| 23. 17| 25| 2006| 22| 6| 132| 24. 14| 36| 2007| 26| 7| 182| 25. 11| 49| 2008| 28| 8| 224| 26. 08| 64| 2009| 25| 9| 225| 27. 05| 81| 2010| 30| 10| 300| 28. 02| 100| | ? (Y) = 255| ? (X) = 55| ? (XY)=1382| | ? (X^2) = 385|

Child Development of Infant Toy Essay

We were given the assignment to create toy for a baby from things available in a home. I chose to create a toy for babies in the late infancy stage. My toys are â€Å"Noise shakers†. I took three water bottles, took off their wrappers, and in each one I added different things to create different sounds. In one bottle I put bells, in another bottle I put rice, and then in my 3rd bottle I added colorful craft beads. I filled all three bottles half way so there was room for the objects to move freely and create their different sounds. I then used something called Gorilla glue to attach the bottle caps. After that I covered the cap with two layers of colorful duct tape, so that it was extra secure, as well as adding color to the cap area. The age for this toy is 12 to 36 months. It falls in Piaget’s sensorimotor stage and the early part of the preoperational stage. Although this toy would not be for under 12 months or above 36 months. During the sensorimotor stage between 12 and 18 months â€Å"infants develop new behaviors that allow them to achieve their goals. Although the child still repeats actions over and over, now he does it with a planned variation to see what happened when I do this!† (P, 235/Levine). For example, the child will think, â€Å"when I shake this bottle I hear the sound†. This toy will stimulate the child’s senses; when the baby shakes it, it makes a sound. Also, these bottles have a soft but bumpy texture to the touch. This is important, because infants/young children take in information from their sense. This toy will encourage their growth of symbolic activity. When shaking these bottles, the young child will pretend they are different musical instruments; this is symbolic because they use one object to represent another. Piaget states that â€Å"During the Cognitive Development Theory stage 6 (18 months to 2 years) the beginning of thought, children seem to think out situations more internally, before they act.† (p.94/ Crain). The developmental theory that informed the design of this toy falls under Piaget’s Cognitive- Developmental Theory, and the Development of the Senses, along with increased sensor-motor intelligence. When the baby shakes each bottle it gives a different sound, the child will shake one and hear bells, then shake the bottle containing rice and get that sound. They learn their actions get different results. The child develops their own schemes due to their own curiosity. Citation: Child Development: An Active Learning Experience/ Levine, Laura/ Sage publishing/ 2011 Theories of Development: Concepts and Applications/ Crain, William/ 2nd Edition/ 1985 Photo of Toy:

How to Write a Personal Narrative

How to Write a Personal Narrative The personal narrative essay can be the most enjoyable type of assignment to write because it  provides you with  an opportunity  to share a meaningful event from your life.  After all, how often do you get to tell funny stories or brag about a great experience and receive school credit for it? Think of a Memorable Event   A personal narrative can focus on any event, whether it is one that lasted  a few seconds or spanned  a few years. Your topic can reflect your personality, or it can reveal an event that shaped your outlook and opinions. Your story should have a clear point. If nothing comes to mind, try one of these examples:   A learning experience that challenged and changed you;A new discovery that came about in an interesting way;Something funny that happened to you  or your family;A lesson you learned the hard way. Planning Your Narrative Start this process with a brainstorming session,  taking a few moments to scribble  down several memorable events from your life. Remember, this doesn’t have to be high drama: Your event could be anything from blowing your first bubble gum bubble to getting lost in the woods. If you think your life doesnt have that many interesting events, try to come up with one or more examples for  each of the following: Times you laughed the hardestTimes you felt sorry for your actionsPainful memoriesTimes you were surprisedScariest moments Next, look over your  list of events and narrow your choices by selecting those that have a clear chronological pattern, and those that would enable you to use colorful, entertaining, or interesting details and descriptions.   Finally, decide if your topic has a point. A funny story might represent irony in life or a lesson learned in a comical way; a scary story might demonstrate how you learned from a mistake.  Decide on the point of your final topic and keep it in mind as you write. Show, Don’t Tell   Your story should be written in the first-person point of view. In a narrative, the writer is the storyteller, so you can write this through your own eyes and ears. Make the reader experience what you experienced- not just  read what you experienced. Do this by imagining that you are reliving your event. As you think about your story, describe on paper what you see, hear, smell, and feel, as follows: Describing Actions Dont say: My sister ran off. Instead, say: My sister jumped a foot in the air and disappeared behind the closest tree. Describing Moods Dont say: Everyone felt on edge. Instead, say: We were all afraid to breathe. Nobody made a sound. Elements to Include Write your story in chronological order. Make a brief outline showing the sequence of events before you begin to write the narrative. This will keep you on track. Your story should include the following: Characters: Who are the people involved in your story? What are their significant character traits? Tense: Your story already happened, so, generally, write in the past tense. Some writers are effective in telling stories in the present tense- but that usually isnt a good idea. Voice: Are you attempting to be funny, somber, or serious? Are you telling the story of your 5-year-old self? Conflict: Any good story should have a conflict, which can come in many forms. Conflict can be between you and your neighbor’s dog, or it can be two feelings you are experiencing at one time, like guilt versus the need to be popular. Descriptive language: Make an effort to broaden your vocabulary and use expressions, techniques, and words that you don’t normally use. This will make your paper more entertaining and interesting, and it will make you a better writer. Your main point: The story you write should come to a satisfying or interesting end. Do not attempt to describe an obvious lesson  directly- it should come from observations and discoveries. Dont say: I learned not to make judgments about people based on their appearances. Instead, say: Maybe the next time I bump into an elderly lady  with greenish skin and a large, crooked nose, Ill greet her with a smile. Even if she is clutching  a warped and twisted  broomstick.

Free Essays on Celebrity Vs. Religion

Has Celebrity Replaced Religion in Society? Religion has been around forever. It was formed to explain the unexplainable, and lasted through countless revolutions and discoveries, giving the people who followed the support needed to go about each day. Recently, people who attain celebrity status can gain quite a big following. These groups of people will often look up to, and possibly idolize or worship the celebrities, seeing them as above the regular human being. This has, in turn, prompted the debate of whether celebrity has replaced religion in society. To this, I feel it has not. The first thing that comes to my mind when I think of this question is the amount of people that follow a specific religion. I usually think of Christianity because of its widespread belief and popularity. The number of people who worship celebrities is far less than the people who attend church on Sunday’s, and when other religions are considered, the ratio is practically laughable. Granted, the ratio is becoming less and less desirable, but the fact is that religion is still alive and strong. Another reason I feel that religion hasn’t been replaced by celebrity is the reasoning that people looking up to celebrities or other people in any sort of spotlight can not only be good, but help aid in there everyday lives. Plenty of famous people live good, quality lives following good morals, and looking up to them can offer guidelines to help live a good life. On the flip side, looking at celebrities can offer a way not to live your life. For example, because they are in the spotlight all the time, you can analyze their mistakes, and see that if you were to avoid similar mistakes, then you could avoid many potential problems. The last reason I feel that celebrity has not replaced religion is that many celebrities are very religious. The fact that people would worship celebrities who have a strong faith in a religion make it so eventual... Free Essays on Celebrity Vs. Religion Free Essays on Celebrity Vs. Religion Has Celebrity Replaced Religion in Society? Religion has been around forever. It was formed to explain the unexplainable, and lasted through countless revolutions and discoveries, giving the people who followed the support needed to go about each day. Recently, people who attain celebrity status can gain quite a big following. These groups of people will often look up to, and possibly idolize or worship the celebrities, seeing them as above the regular human being. This has, in turn, prompted the debate of whether celebrity has replaced religion in society. To this, I feel it has not. The first thing that comes to my mind when I think of this question is the amount of people that follow a specific religion. I usually think of Christianity because of its widespread belief and popularity. The number of people who worship celebrities is far less than the people who attend church on Sunday’s, and when other religions are considered, the ratio is practically laughable. Granted, the ratio is becoming less and less desirable, but the fact is that religion is still alive and strong. Another reason I feel that religion hasn’t been replaced by celebrity is the reasoning that people looking up to celebrities or other people in any sort of spotlight can not only be good, but help aid in there everyday lives. Plenty of famous people live good, quality lives following good morals, and looking up to them can offer guidelines to help live a good life. On the flip side, looking at celebrities can offer a way not to live your life. For example, because they are in the spotlight all the time, you can analyze their mistakes, and see that if you were to avoid similar mistakes, then you could avoid many potential problems. The last reason I feel that celebrity has not replaced religion is that many celebrities are very religious. The fact that people would worship celebrities who have a strong faith in a religion make it so eventual...

Wait †Should You Really Do a Volunteer Abroad Program

Wait - Should You Really Do a Volunteer Abroad Program SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Have you heard about volunteer abroad programs and are wondering if you should participate in one?Volunteer abroad programs can provide amazing experiences and the opportunity to help improve the world, but they can also be expensive, frustrating, and at times ineffective. Read this guide to learn about potential positive and negative effects of volunteer abroad programs and to learn whether you should participate in one. What Is a Volunteer Abroad Program? A volunteer abroad program is any program where a participant travels to a different country and performs volunteer work.Traditionally, religious groups often conducted the majority of volunteer abroad programs, but the popularity of these programs has grown in recent decades, and now many organizations offer them.They are particularly popular with high school and college students as a way to have interesting experiences while young and as something to include on your resume. These programs take place all over the world, from rain forests in Central America to large cities in Asia.Volunteer abroad programs generally work to improve a specific issue or issues.One common area these programs often focus on is education, and many volunteers teach children English or basic math skills in rural schools. Programs that are more health focused may have volunteers provide basichealth care in clinics or shadow a local doctor, and volunteers participating in conservation or environmental programsmay find themselves rehabilitating elephants in Asia or collecting data on coral reef growth in Africa. It is important to know that choosing whether to participate in a volunteer abroad program can be a difficult decision, and there are many factors to take into consideration.While many volunteer abroad programs undoubtedly have a positive impact, some have few real benefits, and there are even a few that can negatively affect people and places. Before you participate in a volunteer abroad program, you should know the impacts, both positive and negative, that they can have.Read on to learn more about volunteer abroad programs and how to decide if you should participate in one. What Are the Benefits of Volunteer Abroad Programs? Allow You to Give Back and Support a Cause You Care About Volunteer abroad programs can be an amazing way for you to work on an issue that is important to you.While participating in a volunteer abroad program, you may help out at free medical clinics, track endangered animal species, teach children in orphanages new games, build houses, or do one of many other activities, depending on your interests and the program’s focus. Being there and doing the work yourself allows you to more easily see the impact of the project and what you did specifically to improve it. You are able toview the results of your work first-hand, such as seeing children use new school supplies, witness people in remote areas receive medical care, see homeless people move into new housing, and more. Many people have at least one cause they are passionate about, and participating in a volunteer abroad program can give you a great opportunity to improve this issue. Provide Experience You Can Include on Your Resume Because volunteer abroad programs provide direct and active work experience, you can often include participating in one on your resume.People who have participated in a volunteer abroad program are still the minority, so having that experience on your resume can help you stand out from the crowd.Participating in a volunteer abroad program can show that you are motivated, a hard worker, and passionate about a cause, all traits that employers like to see. There are also some volunteer experiences that focus on particular career fields. Examples of this includevolunteering in a rural hospital, teaching children English, or treating animals at a wildlife sanctuary.These experiences can be a great way to see if you like the work a specific career involves. Give You an Opportunity to Meet New People and Have New Experiences Many people develop close personal relationships as volunteers.You often work closely with both your fellow volunteers and the groups of people you are helping, which makes it easier to form personal bonds than if you were simply sending money. For your volunteer program, you may beworking with orphans, teaching schoolchildren, giving food and blankets to the homeless, or another activity that involves meaningful interactions with others. These programs also often give you the opportunity to have experiences you wouldn’t typically have the chance to do otherwise, like travel to a new country, see rural villages, work with vulnerable populations, or see wildlife up close. Can Influence Your Personal Growth Many people return from volunteer abroad experiences with a better understanding of the world and the people in it.Seeing others in difficult situations is an eye-opening experience, and it often makes volunteers more appreciative of what they have and more willing to give back in the future. Volunteering abroad also gives you a better understanding of global problems and their impacts on people and communities than a more passive way of learning would, like reading a book or listening to a presentation. What Are the Potential Drawbacks of Volunteer Abroad Programs? May Not Be as Beneficial as They Claim to Be While all programs claim to have significant benefits, this is unfortunately not always the case.Some are little more than glorified vacations, where participants spend most of their time zip-lining and swimming while devoting only a few hours to painting houses or working at a soup-kitchen. Also, considering their large price tags, some programs don’t use their funds wisely, choosing projects that are more fun and interesting for participants rather than ones that help communities more.For example, painting houses is a common activity on these programs because it is easy for participants to do, but the community may be in more need of new houses or improved plumbing or electricity. In addition, paying a volunteer abroad program’s hefty price tag may not be the most effective way to improve a problem.If a volunteer abroad program has 20 students who each paid $5000 to participate in a program where they spend a few weeks helping out at a homeless shelter in Costa Rica, that is a total of $100,000 being spent, a lot of which goes towards plane tickets and room and board. That’s a lot of money, and it may be better spent if participants stayed home and instead combined those donations and used them towards building a brand new homeless shelter or a similar large-scale project. You may be doing a lot of this on some volunteer programs. Some Programs Can Actually Be Harmful This issue is less common, but still occurs. Some volunteer abroad programs can actually have a negative impact.One example is volunteer programs that work in orphanages. While it may be enjoyable for participants to spend a few days or weeks playing with children, it can be very difficult for orphans, who have already lost their parents, to continuously meet new people only to have them leave. There was even an instance of an orphanage in Cambodia that worked with volunteer programs and ended up being exposed as a scam and shut down. The orphanage had made so much money off volunteer abroad programs that parents were pulling their children out of school and sending them to the orphanage instead to earn money for the family.Other potentially negative impacts can occur when unpaid volunteers end up taking jobs away from local workers, such as dentists, doctors, and teachers, who cannot compete with the low or non-existent fees the volunteers charge. Programs Can Be Very Expensive Even if certain programs are very beneficial, nearly all of them have a high price tag for participants.Many of the organizations that run volunteer abroad programs are non-profit organizations without a lot of money, so participants typically have to cover their own expense, like airfare, housing, and food, as well as program costs, such as the costs of providing medical supplies, school supplies, or building materials. There are also for-profit organizations that run high-priced volunteer abroad programs because they know interest is high among students looking for ways to give back and have unique experiences to include on their resumes. No matter who they are run by, volunteer abroad programs often cost thousands of dollars, with some costing $10,000 or more.This can be very difficult for young people to afford, especially when these programs often occur over the summer when participants may have been able to make money by having a paying job. Conditions Can Be Challenging The brochures and websites of these programs may be filled with images of pristine beaches and mountain views, but the reality can be very different.Living conditions are often very simple, with participants living in dormitories or with a local family. You often won’t have a lot of amenities common in Western countries, such as air conditioning, clean water, and internet access.You also probably won’t have access to many of your favorite foods, and finding things to eat can be especially difficult if you have certain dietary restrictions, such as being gluten-free or vegetarian.Additionally, while rare, there is also a higher chance of contracting a disease, especially in tropical countries. Even if you are motivated and working on a program you care about, don’t underestimate the effects difficult living conditions can have. While it may be exciting to live in such a different place at first, it can quickly become disorienting and challenging.I spent several summers conducting research in rural Nicaragua, and I can say from experience that while lounging in a hammock for a few hours can be delightful, spending 8 hours in one every night while wrestling with a mosquito net is not so delightful. How to Decide Whether or Not to Participate in a Volunteer Abroad Program So now that you know there are many benefits and potential drawbacks to participating in a volunteer abroad program, how do you decide whether to participate in one? In order to make an informed decision, research a few programs you may be interested in, and ask yourself the following questions: Why Do You Want to Participate in a Volunteer Abroad Program? Be honest with yourself here.Is your primary motivation truly to try and improve a certain problem in the world, or are you more interested in traveling to a new country and meeting new people? Or maybe you just want something interesting and impressive to include on your college applications? There's no shame in admitting any of those reasons. People travel just for pleasure all the time, and traveling in a way that is sustainable and benefits local businesses can also have a significant positive impact on an area. Similarly, it is very common for students to participate in a certain activity mainly because they are trying to improve their chances of getting accepted to colleges and want their application to stand out. However, you should only participate in a volunteer program if your main reason for doing so is so you can work on a cause you care about, as the people these programs help deserve to have only the most motivated and dedicated volunteers. How Well Have You Researched Particular Programs? You should alwaysresearch a program thoroughly before agreeing to join it. To do this, read through the program’s website and brochures, and think critically about the information they tell you. Ask yourself the following questions: How Does This Program Benefit People or a Place? Don’t just take the program’s assurances at face value; really think about the impact this program will have. Does the project claim to help schoolchildren in El Salvador? How? Do they donate school supplies, give English lessons, train local teachers? What will volunteers specifically be doing? It's easy for programs to make big claims like their participants improve education in rural Cambodia, even if their volunteers spend only a few hours playing with some school kids. The way to avoid joining a program that you end up feeling like doesn't have much of an impact is prior research. Find out the specific activities volunteers will be participating in and how much time will be spent on those activities as opposed to how much time will be spent on more traditional "tourist" activities. If the program is vague about what volunteers will be doing or you don't feel like volunteers spend enough time helping others, you may want to consider a different program or way to give back. How Do Others Feel About the Program? Hearing others' opinions is a useful way to learn about how effective and beneficial a particular program is.Don’t just read quotes from past participants on the program’s website, which will all most likely be glowing. Search â€Å"[name of the program] reviews† to see what others are saying about it. This information can come from past participants, the people or communities the program works to help, or third-parties who review and rate programs. Try to find out what others are saying about the program's benefits, living conditions, and organization.If multiple people are sharing concerns about the program and its impacts, you may want to consider a different option. Where Does Your Money Go? Other important information to gather is how your program fee is spent. There are unfortunately some volunteer programs that exist only to make a few owners richer and provide little or no help to others, and there are many more programs that spend participants' money on costs that don't directly benefit local communities, such as providing expensive accommodationsand leisure activities for volunteers. You'll likely be spending a significant amount of money on this program, and you deserve to know how this money is used. Look on the program's website to see if they explain how program fees are spent. If they don't, call or e-mail the program. Any reputable program will share a breakdown of costs with participants. Next, analyze these costs. Does most of the money go directly to the communities, or is a lot of it spent on things like overhead costs or leader salaries? Different programs have different costs, but ideally, at least a third to half of participant fees should go towards directly benefiting the community. In general, non-profit organizations are more likely to put more money directly towards communities than for-profit groups, but always research any program you are considering. You want to make sure that if you’re spending thousands of dollars for a volunteer program, that your money will actually be helping others. Research volunteer abroad programs before you spend a lot of money on one Will You Be Able to Afford the Program? Program costs can vary significantly, but nearly all volunteer abroad programs cost at least a few thousand dollars, and you want to make sure you can afford it before you join one.If money is a concern, look around at different programs. Cost can vary widely depending on how long the program lasts, what part of the world volunteers travel to, and the activities they participate in. Are You Prepared for the Challenges Involved? Take time to really consider what it’d be like working in a new country that is often very different from your home. Do this by researching the living conditions of volunteers for different programs and in different parts of the world.Would you be ok sharing a room with multiple other people? Not have reliable internet access? Taking anti-malarial medication regularly? Eating very different and often plain food? I learned the hard way that in Central America, most people eat rice and beans three meals a day, every day. Not thinking about these things beforehand can mean a miserable time once you start the program, and if you are unhappy while participating in a volunteer abroad program, you will likely not be as motivated to work, which means you will not help that community as much as you could be. Struggling to adapt to a new country can also mean that you spread your frustrations to other volunteers and people back home, which may make them think less of that particular country and its people. In short, if you are unhappy with your lifestyle during a volunteer abroad program, many people may suffer as a result. Are There Other Options Available? If you don’t think a volunteer abroad program is right for you, there are other options.If you are still interested in volunteering for a cause, you can see if there are similar programs in your hometown or nearby. It may not be as exotic as going to a new country, but there are places everywhere that need volunteers to tutor kids, take care of animals at a shelter, paint houses, donate food to soup kitchens, and many other activities.You can also raise money and donate it directly to organizations abroad. What's Next? If you’ve decided to do a volunteer abroad program, read our guide on the best volunteer abroad programs to discover examples of great programs! Are you considering summer academic programs for middle school and high school students as an alternative to a volunteer abroad program? Look at our guides on the SIG, CTY, and Stanford EPGY programs Extracurriculars are also a great way to work on issues you care about and have interesting experiences. Read our guide on what an extracurricular is and why you need them. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Introduction on Nissan Motor Company and the Supply Chain for Nissan Research Paper

Introduction on Nissan Motor Company and the Supply Chain for Nissan Company - Research Paper Example This study looks into Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., a Japanese automobile company that makes cars, buses,  and trucks with the labels Nissan and Datsun. Nissan also creates designs for and manufactures other equipment and devices such as machinery and communication satellites. The company’s head office is in Tokyo, Japan. Nissan came from two previous corporations—Kwaishinsha Co., which was founded in 1911 to manufacture Dat automobiles, and Jitsuyo Jidosha Co., which was established in 1919. In 1925, these two companies merged to create Dat Jidosha Seizo Co. Eight years later, the company’s assets were taken over by other shareholders, who created Jidosha Seizo Co., Ltd., granting it its current name the subsequent year. The newly organized company was focused on the manufacture and sale of automobiles and components under a newly created label—Datsun. In 1935, the first Datsun passenger car rolled off the assembly line and immediately thereafter, Nissan bega n shipping automobiles to Australia. The Datsun Type 15 turns into the first automobile to be mass produced in Japan in 1937, which also takes the form of a delivery van and mini-pickup. Throughout the war period, from the late 1930s, the company shifted completely to the manufacturing of military automobiles and trucks. The Allied Powers took hold of the central Nissan facilities in 1945; although permitting the manufacture of Nissan and Datsun automobiles to continue at a single facility, they did not bring back the rest of the facilities to the company until the mid-1950s. Afterwards, particularly in the 1960s when Nissan moved into the global market, manufacture and sales increased impressively while the company built assembly factories abroad. Yet, by the second half of the 1990s, Nissan had been facing some major problems, and in 1999 it started a partnership with Renault, a French car manufacturer. There are companies, even leaders in their own industries, where the logistics and supply chain functions are considered as rather second-rate or less important to other sectors of the business such as marketing, sales or manufacturing. Such companies are also those which grumble about the trouble of employing competent individuals for the management of their supply chain.

Grahams definition and discuss in the context of my Experience as a Essay

Grahams definition and discuss in the context of my Experience as a Radiologic Technologist in Grenada General Hospital - Essay Example 566). In parallel, Graham (2006) illustrated the concept of clinical effectiveness--in the presence of â€Å"the right persons, doing the right thing, the right way in the right place, at the right time with the right result.† In view, the paper examines this definition in the context of clinical practice by radiological technologists--with implications and potential innovations in integrated radiologic science. Occupational Description Prior to identifying the right personnel in radiologic technology, reviews on general description and evolution must first be clarified. Radiologic technology is a branch in allied health, where its application in clinical setting primarily involves diagnostic activities for pathological conditions. As technological advances update the categories of diagnostic equipments, it also expanded to include more autonomous responsibilities. The coverage, thereby, extends from mere imaging examination in X-rays to more sophisticated forms, such as utili zation of ionizing radiation for treatment purposes (Allied health services, 1989). As scope of functions widen, tasks involved also lengthened. Basically, radiologic technologists are in-charge in facilitating the performance of radiologic examinations. As allied professionals, they require strict conformation of physician’s written order, while under the supervision of â€Å"licensed independent practitioner(s)† (Campeau & Fleitz, 2009). Additionally, the types of radiologic test to be utilized are also indicated--exhibiting the collaborative association of functions between allied and medical professionals in clinical settings (Bureau of Labor and Statistics, 2010). Imperatively, radiologic technologists assume professional persona, as they follow regulatory protocols indicated before and during radiologic examinations. In preparatory stage, technicians ensure that incriminating objects or articles worn by clients are judiciously removed--to avoid chemical disruptio ns and undue physical damage to clients. Moreover, they attend in completely explaining the procedure to be undertaken, allying possibilities of fear and avoiding emotional interference during actual procedure (Stanfield & Hui, 2002). Subsequently, as protective gears are in place and equipments are positioned, the diagnostics may proceed as planned. With this accomplished, the duties of radiologic technologists do not end there, for they have to properly document the whole activity, and ensure client status for untoward reactions. Judiciously, patient safety is also guaranteed through constant inspection of diagnostic equipments, as well as replacement of defective ones (Bureau of Labor and Statistics, 2010). Radiologic technologists, in accurate manner, are accounted in following the dictates of their delegated functions--as indicated in doing the right thing with clinical effectiveness. Qualification Revisited Educationally distinct from radiologists, radiologic technologists wor k side-by-side with other clinical professionals in rendering a variety of health services to clients. Campeau and Fleitz (2009, p. 7) clarified the qualifications of radiologic technologists, indicating that they belong to the group who â€Å"graduated from a nationally accredited education program in the radiologic sciences and...hold a full

Anemia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Anemia - Research Paper Example Furthermore, deficiency of vitamins such as B-12, an integral component for formation of healthy red blood cells, also cause vitamin related anemia (American Society of Hematology). Named after the sickle shape that the red blood cells acquire, this type of anemia is inherited. The host’s body is unable to make normal hemoglobin that causes the RBCs to have a crescent shape reducing ability to transfer oxygen. Having a shorter life, these cells die in 10-20 days (United States of America, Department of Health and Human Services). New cells aren’t formed fast enough to replace these dying cells. G6PD is an enzyme that induces resistance of red blood cells against materials such as sulfa, anti malarial drugs and naphthalene. Its absence causes the blood cells to burst when they come in contact with the aforementioned materials in the blood stream. The immune system itself attacks the red blood cells causing them to break down. This can take place post blood transfusion or bone marrow transplant. Major types include: autoimmune, alloimmune, and drug-induced anemia (United States of America, Department of Health and Human Services). Certain diseases such as that of kidney and liver disturb the hormonal balance of the body which consequently retards the production of red blood cells. Chemotherapy, administered to fight cancers, is also known to deter the production of red blood cells in the body causing anemia to the host. Virtually everyone is at a risk to develop anemia at one time or another during the course of one’s life. However, certain parts of society are more likely to get it than others. Almost 10% of the women going through pregnancy or having large volumes of blood loss through menstrual cycles have been identified to have anemia in US alone (American Health Journal). Moreover, people who have recently passed through major surgery, gotten into accidents causing large amount of blood

Leadership, Innovation and Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Leadership, Innovation and Change - Essay Example The paper tells that the roles played by top leaders are fundamental in determining the market position of a company’s product. Considering the fact that top leaders are involved in the development of both corporate and business strategies, their ability to influence market performance cannot be ignored. Whereas there is evidence that leaders and their leadership style can have an impact on the market performance of the company, it is not clear the level of impact involved. Researchers have sought to analyze whether the influence of leaders is an extremely significant contribution to the market performance of a company or whether the critical importance of other factors supersedes the role of leaders. The top leadership in any organization indulges in active planning and development of the leadership strategy, corporate strategy, and the business strategy. The development of these strategies depends on the leaders understanding of the potential strengths and the weaknesses of the company as well as a critical analysis of the possible threats and opportunities. The role of strategic planning is basically to ensure that a company has in place initiatives that promote and utilize its strengths and opportunities while taking measures of handling threats and minimizing the weaknesses. Such strategic planning is impossible if top leaders do not understand both the internal and external environment of the organization. Leaders face the compulsion of ensuring that strategic planning brings together different departments in an appropriate response to both external and internal factors. Moreover, leaders need to be informed on different issues regarding the industry they operate in. They need to understand the ensuing trends and be able to predict what the future holds.

The Leadership Challenges Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Leadership Challenges - Essay Example This paper focuses on the challenges experienced by a leader and how a transformation leader can help the organization obtain its objective of adopting change. The Leadership Challenge Introduction Leadership is referred to as an individual’s ability to influence an individual or a group of individuals in any setting to accomplish aims and objectives. In organizational context, leader is a person who influences other individuals of the organization to comply with him and help him in attaining aims and objectives. The individuals who are being influenced by the leader are recognized as followers of the leader, they follow a leader due to various reasons and one of the main reasons of followership is allocation of resources. An organization is a setting that experiences huge number of challenges and it has to meet these challenges to remain in the game for the longer run. Due to various challenges, an organization always desire a leader as a leader is the one who makes the decis ions of utmost difficulty, carry out the process of change and communicates the vision of the organization to the employees. A leader has to experience various challenges while carrying out the duties he is expected to perform. Body Over the years researchers have figured out various types of leaderships that individuals carry out to attain the main aim of influencing. One of such types is transformational leadership, individuals who fall under this kind of leadership influence their followers by directly appealing the sensitive side of the followers or in other words, they appeal to the moral end of the followers in order to influence them. These leaders carry out their task of leadership with the aid of creating a high valued image of themselves in the minds of the followers, they present a vision of future that is quite positive in nature and they are the ones who frame the entire process of change. On the other end are those leaders who set goals for their followers and provide aid and assistance to their followers for the accomplishment of those goals by clearly informing them about the tasks and the roles they have to perform for the accomplishment of those goals. Transformational leaders are said to have the charisma to influence followers in such a way so the followers give priority to the organizational goals over their own goals. Vision is an idea of the future or the budgeted future that is framed by leaders, leaders create a positive vision in order to keep the followers tied up with each other. A leader articulates a vision by presenting a future that is quite positive and clearly defines the steps that the organization has to take to achieve a positive future. In transformational leadership, image management is of utmost importance, because a transformational leader has to lead his followers through the concept of idealizing. To achieve this objective, a transformational leader’s behavior has to be quite attractive and positive and has to lead by conducting exemplary behavior. A transformational leader is considered as one of the best forms of leadership because he has the duty of injecting the feel of high level of loyalty and confidence in his/her followers. They conduct the task of articulating the organization’s vision in such a way so the followers can relate to the vision and are highly willing to attain the objectives set in the vision. They take the step ahead and delegate authority

GLOBAL IMMIGRATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

GLOBAL IMMIGRATION - Essay Example Russian Federation is the largest in area country in the world. It contains a lot of regions populated by people from different cultures and ethnicities. Though the country doesn’t set itself up as the liberal one and doesn’t really welcome different cultures. Vice versa the National Immigration Service works hard to fight with illegal immigrants as immigration situation in modern Russia is complicated and causes a lot of problems for society. The problem started to appear in 1990’s when the USSR collapsed and Russian people became free to immigrate to other countries, as they hadn’t had that opportunity in Soviet Union; in addition, a lot of Russians who in soviet times were forced to leave certain territories like North Caucasus came back to their motherlands. Another factor of the depopulation was the high level of mortality and weak health care system. So the post-Soviet Russia started suffering from population crisis (Anderson 437). However, the Russi an borders also became open for several ethnicities who were evicted from their native lands that were parts of soviet territory. Since the collapse of Soviet Union Russian Federation has become one of the most powerful states in the world and definitely it made Russia attractive for immigrants, so it is â€Å"the world’s second largest immigration heaven† (Malinkin n.pag.) nowadays. In American society Russia isn’t considered to be the country where people usually strive to move. This fact became obvious when in his recent interview the President Obama stated that â€Å"immigrants aren’t rushing to Moscow in search of opportunity† (Malinkin n.pag.) and he was mistaken, as they really are rushing to Moscow in great numbers. The strange fact of high immigration rate makes people wonder what are the reasons for people to strive to the country which economy is rather instable and the level of life is not that much higher than theirs. According

The Leadership Challenges Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Leadership Challenges - Essay Example This paper focuses on the challenges experienced by a leader and how a transformation leader can help the organization obtain its objective of adopting change. The Leadership Challenge Introduction Leadership is referred to as an individual’s ability to influence an individual or a group of individuals in any setting to accomplish aims and objectives. In organizational context, leader is a person who influences other individuals of the organization to comply with him and help him in attaining aims and objectives. The individuals who are being influenced by the leader are recognized as followers of the leader, they follow a leader due to various reasons and one of the main reasons of followership is allocation of resources. An organization is a setting that experiences huge number of challenges and it has to meet these challenges to remain in the game for the longer run. Due to various challenges, an organization always desire a leader as a leader is the one who makes the decis ions of utmost difficulty, carry out the process of change and communicates the vision of the organization to the employees. A leader has to experience various challenges while carrying out the duties he is expected to perform. Body Over the years researchers have figured out various types of leaderships that individuals carry out to attain the main aim of influencing. One of such types is transformational leadership, individuals who fall under this kind of leadership influence their followers by directly appealing the sensitive side of the followers or in other words, they appeal to the moral end of the followers in order to influence them. These leaders carry out their task of leadership with the aid of creating a high valued image of themselves in the minds of the followers, they present a vision of future that is quite positive in nature and they are the ones who frame the entire process of change. On the other end are those leaders who set goals for their followers and provide aid and assistance to their followers for the accomplishment of those goals by clearly informing them about the tasks and the roles they have to perform for the accomplishment of those goals. Transformational leaders are said to have the charisma to influence followers in such a way so the followers give priority to the organizational goals over their own goals. Vision is an idea of the future or the budgeted future that is framed by leaders, leaders create a positive vision in order to keep the followers tied up with each other. A leader articulates a vision by presenting a future that is quite positive and clearly defines the steps that the organization has to take to achieve a positive future. In transformational leadership, image management is of utmost importance, because a transformational leader has to lead his followers through the concept of idealizing. To achieve this objective, a transformational leader’s behavior has to be quite attractive and positive and has to lead by conducting exemplary behavior. A transformational leader is considered as one of the best forms of leadership because he has the duty of injecting the feel of high level of loyalty and confidence in his/her followers. They conduct the task of articulating the organization’s vision in such a way so the followers can relate to the vision and are highly willing to attain the objectives set in the vision. They take the step ahead and delegate authority

Reflection on clinical simulation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflection on clinical simulation - Essay Example The patient situation we are going to analyse involves a patient who was diabetic under observation as shown below using the 5 R’s. Reporting: This patient’s blood sugar level was at 16mmol and he was on an insulin infusion with an hourly observation for his blood sugar levels. He also had a naso-gastric tube in place with blood pressure under a two hourly observation routine and he was due for an x-ray on that specific day at 2 p.m. When dealing with the patient he was not feeling and in pain, his naso-gastric tube was not in place. As a result, we should have attended to the patient immediately as instructed by the doctor which unfortunately we did not. Responding: Our first duty was to respond to the patients needs and I being in charge of the other nurses should have advocated for response to be undertaken immediately. We should have administered the normal saline dose immediately and stayed with the patient and give support to reduce anxiety. Anxiety is usually known for heightening pain and staying with the patient while relieving and stroking him would assist in relieving the pain since distraction assists in reducing pain (McGuire 86). Relating: Due to my experience as a healthcare professional, I should have been able to relate pain and psychological experience caused by anxiety. I would have applied a stop gap measure for the pain. Apart from administering drugs, I would have made the patient comfortable and re-assured him that the pain would go away soon. Since these non-pharmacological interventions are effective in relieving pain compared to the use of drugs (Lester 89). Reasoning: Based on this situation, the ultimate goal was for us to relieve pain and prepare the patient for an x-ray. Therefore, the best practice would have been to make use of painkillers and administer insulin and monitor his vital signs. In this case, monitoring blood sugar level and pressure while at the same time checking on the patient’s pain

Renewable Energy Essay Example for Free

Renewable Energy Essay Climate change is one of significant issues that have been considered in recent years. According to Anderson (2009), most climate researchers recognise it is essential to reduce 80 percent of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2050 to prohibit effects of climate change. Furthermore, carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the most important causes to produce GHG which is combusted from heating, transportation and electricity generated by fossil fuels. However, one of the solutions for reducing CO2 emissions is using renewable energy to replace fossil fuel. In addition, renewable energy is generated by natural resources such as sunlight, wind and biomass which produce less or no pollution when generate energy. Furthermore, renewable energy will be demanded for approximately half of the worldwide electricity supplies to reduce CO2 emissions by 2050, which it is estimated by The International Energy Agency (Cited in Shi 2010). This essay will focus on two forms of renewable energies which are solar power and biofuels. Firstly, solar energy has been widely used to generate heat and electricity recently. Moreover, it will show the benefits and also point out some drawbacks of solar energy. After that, the discussion will describe the second form of widespread renewable energy in the transport sector which is biofuels. Finally, it will reveal advantages and a disadvantage of this energy. This essay argues that renewable energies, which are solar power and biofuels have been extensively utilised in recent years. Furthermore, they have more advantages than disadvantages. Solar Energy The sun is the largest source of energy, which is transformed to solar power for generating heat and electricity and has been widely used in recent years. According to European Union (2011), there are several applications to use solar energy for heating such as hot water at home, heating in factory and building and swimming pool. In addition, a cooling system also uses solar energy as heat absorption system to generate air conditioning and cooling system in refrigerator. Moreover, this kind of energy can be transformed to generate electricity by two ways. First of all, Prasad Bansal (2011) state that electricity is converted directly from light by Photovoltaic (PV) via semiconducting materials, whose basic composition is solar cells. Furthermore, Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) is another way to generate electricity, in which parabolic solar tower focuses the light to be used for a single point heating, and then produces steam to impel a turbine (European Union 2011). However, PV and CSP can collect electricity in the different ways. PV plants store the energy by connects to batteries, or sent to the electricity grid. On the other hand, CSP system can store heat by itself. Therefore, this power can be generated during the absence of sunlight during the day and night time (European Union 2011). Although there are many reasons for using solar energy, there are some reasons against the use of this kind of energy such as limited condition and the high cost. Firstly, the most significant problem of solar power supply is this energy is not available during the absence of sunlight (especially at night). Furthermore, in winter that often has cloud cover, there are only a low amount of solar power is available (Lakatos, Hevessy Kovacs 2011). However, this issue can be overcome with the use of CHP as it can store the power by itself. Therefore, it can be used during the absence of sunlight. In addition, thin film photovoltaic (PV) power is another solution of the places that have cloud cover. According to Blakeslee (2012), there are three layers in thin film PV for covering a wider spectrum of light. Thus, the light is scattered in all directions by clouds more than usually block it. Secondly, another disadvantage of solar is the high cost is considered as another obstacle of solar energy. As he states that, â€Å"A recent NYU study found the following actual 2005 costs in cents/kWh: Geothermal 3.1-4.3 Biofuels Energy Another widespread renewable energy is biofuel which has been developed to use instead of fossil fuels in the transport sector. There are two principle forms of ‘biofuels’ which are biodiesel and bioethanol. First of all, most of biodiesel is created from oil which is produced by oleaginous plants such as sunflower, rapeseed and palm by reacting with methanol (European Union 2011). Moreover, the viscosity of these oils decreases when they are heated. In addition, Adelekan (2012) points out that these oils can be transformed directly to a diesel engine when they burn, or they can be generated to produce fuels as biodiesel by chemical process. Another form of biofuel is bioethanol or ethyl alcohol which is burned easily to produce a flame, which is generated by distilling products from the sugars and maize when they are fermented such as sugar beet, cereals, sugar cane or biomass (Ortiz et al. 2011). In many countries, there are an increasing number to use bioethanol as ga sohol or oxygenate in gasoline. In addition, bioethanol is elementary to process and manufacture (Adelekan 2012). As well as solar power, using biofuel also brings some disadvantages such as an impact on demand for food. According to Habibah (cited in Adelekan 2012), A huge demand for crops, sugar and oleaginous plants might be impacted from the demand for biofuels which will be result for an increasing cost of food price, increasing level of poverty and food insecurity problem. In addition, biofuels are enemy for agricultural land that would have been used for growing food crops despite being used for growing energy crops now (Adelekan 2012). Therefore, the number of lands for agriculture would be decreased that would have an effect on shortage of food. However, if the government launches the policy of regulation to use agriculture land for growing energy crops, this issue would be overcome. Conclusion In conclusion, there are several significant benefits in the use of renewable energies which are solar power and biofuels to be utilised for replacing fossil fuels. As can be seen in the discussion above, solar energy can be transformed to generate heat and electricity with Photovoltaic and Concentrating Solar Power. In addition, biofuels, another renewable energy can be used in transport sector to replace fossil fuels such as biodiesel and bioethanol. However, although there are some disadvantages of both kinds of energy, their effectiveness is greater. In addition, these obstacles could be overcome in the near future. Therefore, the use of these renewable energies could be the essential alternative way to reduce CO2 emissions for the solution of climate change.

The Health Benefits of Exercise Essay -- Healthy Lifestyle Essay

Exercise is one of the most important factors in a persons’ life. Physical activity, or the lack of it, can result in a person having a healthy life or cause them to have diabetes. The benefits of exercise are countless. The positive health results, the improvement in attitude, even better academic performance are all factors which make not exercising inexcusable. Merely not using a person’s body is harmful. Not being active results in a person’s muscles becoming weak and out of condition. The effectiveness of a person’s heart and lungs will decrease. A person’s joints will become stiff and can be injured easily. Inactivity can be as much of a health risk as smoking. In addition children have become extremely lazy with all the entertainment available in this day and age. Most Americans watch three and a half hours of television every day. By the age of sixty five over nine years will have been spent in front of a screen. Over one-third children from ages four to nineteen eat fast food every day and fifteen percent in that age set are obese. It is especially important to prevent children and adolescences from becoming obese. According to â€Å"Obesity and Overweight for Professionals: Data and Statistics† eighty percent of obese children become obese adults. The number of overweight children in America has dou bled since the 1980s. People have begun resorting to unsuccessful diets and each day thousands of teens become bulimic or anorexic to lose weight. Thirty four to thirty seven percent of adults in America are obese. This has increased dramatically in the past twenty years (â€Å"Obesity†). The simple answer to this problem is to start exercising. The U.S. Department of Health and Human services says that children and teens need a... ...ical Activity for Families and Children." National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Web. 24 Apr. 2011. . Llewellyn, Claire. Exercise. London: QED, 2006. Print. â€Å"Mayo Clinic.† Web. 27 Apr. 2011. . "Obesity and Overweight for Professionals: Data and Statistics | DNPAO | CDC." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Web. 24 Apr. 2011. . Payment, Simone. What Happens to Your Body When You Run. New York, NY: Rosen Central, 2010. Print. The World Book Encyclopedia. Chicago: World Book, 2001. Print. "What Is Basal Metabolic Rate?" Personal Trainer Cindy Brotherston for Fitness, Weight Loss and Nutrition. Web. 24 Apr. 2011. .

John Dalton :: essays research papers fc

John Dalton John Dalton was born on September 6 1766 at Eagelsfield, Cumbria in England.Although he was born in England, he spent most of his life in Manchester.He was born into a Quaker family and while his family had food, they were still poor. His father Joseph was a weaver and John recieved most of his early education from his father. At the age of 12, John opened a school in Eagelsfield where he was the master. He was often threatened by the older boys who wanted to fight him because he was smarter, but he managed to keep in control for 2 years.Due to a poor salary, John was forced to leave his school and work in the fields with his brother. In 1781 John and his brother moved to Kendall. There John, his cousin George, and his brother ran a school where they offered English,Latin,Greek,French and twenty one mathematics and science course. Their school had sixty pupils. After twelve years at Kendall John started doing lectures and answering questions for mens magazines. John found a mentor in John Gough,who was the blind son of a wealthy tradesman. John Gough taught Dalton languages,mathematics,and optics. In 1973 John moved to Manchester as a tutor at New College. He immediately joined the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society and in the same year he published his first book: Meteorological Observations and Essays. In his book Dalton stated that gas exits and acts independantly and purely physically not chemically. After six years of tutoring, John resigned to conduct private research while still doing tutoring at 2 shillings a lesson. In 1802 John stated his law of partial pressures. When two elastic fluids are mixed together ( A and B) they dont repel each other. A particles do not repel B particles but a B particle will repel another B particle. One of his experiments involved the addition of water vapor to dry air. The increase in pressure was the same as the pressure of the added water. By doing this experiment, John established a relationship between vapo r pressure and temperature. John’s interest in gases arose from his studies of meteorology. He had weather equipment that was with him at all times and he was constantly studying weather and atmosphere. He also kept a journal throughout his life in which he wrote over 200,000 observations. In 1803, John made his biggest contribution to science: The Atomic Theory.

Atlantic Slave Trade Essay

A slave can be defined as a person who is the property of and wholly subject to another, a bond servant or a person entirely under the domination of some influence or person. Slavery was well recognized in many early civilizations. Ancient Egypt, Ancient China, the Akkad Ian Empire, Assyria, Ancient India, Ancient Greece, the Roman Empire, the Islamic Caliphate, the Hebrews in Palestine, and the pre-Columbian civilizations of the Americas all had either a form of debt-slavery, punishment for crime, enslavement of prisoners of war, child abandonment or birth of slave children to slaves. However, as the sixteenth century approached, so did the change in the way slavery would be looked at, for years to come. The Atlantic slave trade became the name of the three part economic cycle that involved four continents for four centuries and millions of people. The Atlantic slave trade or the middle passage, triangular trade and slavery affected the economy of Europe, Africa and the Americas in both negative and positive aspects. Starting in the 1430’s Portuguese were the first to sail down the coast of Africa to search for gold and jewels. The Portuguese had to extend their power across the co+ast because Sub-Saharan Africa’s trade routes were controlled by the Islamic Empire. By 1445, The Portuguese conquered three African countries and created trading posts. This allowed them access to Europe across the Sahara. Initially, the Portuguese traded copperware, cloth, tools, wine and horses for pepper, ivory and most importantly gold. The first slave purchase is said to have taken place in 1441 when the Portuguese caught two African males while they were along the coast. The Africans in the nearby village paid them in gold for their return. Eventually, they developed the idea that they could get more gold by transporting slaves along Africa’s coast. The Muslims were enticed by the idea of slavery as they used them as porters and for profit. Portugal had a monopoly on the export of slaves in Africa for more than two hundred years. This encounter is the beginning of one of the most tragic events in history, the Atlantic triangular trade (Thomas 1997). A triangular trade evolves when a region has export commodities that aren’t required in the region which its major imports come and provides a method for trade imbalances. The triangular trade is named for the rough shape it makes on a map. It worked like a triangle between all the colonies that were involved. For centuries the world was took part in its most successful trading system. There where nearly fifteen million Africans were shipped to both North and South America for more than three-hundred. Slaves, cash crops and manufactured goods were the most traded between the Americas, Europe and Africa. The Europeans controlled the first stage of the trade by carrying supplies for sale and trade such as, cloth, spirit, tobacco, beads, shells, metal goods and guns. This was their method of which were used to help expand empires and capture more slaves. These goods were exchanged for purchased and kidnapped African slaves (www. nmm. ac. uk/freedom/viewTheme. cfm/theme/triangular). African kings and merchants would capture the slaves or organize campaigns ran by the Europeans. The motives of the Europeans were based on one thing; they lacked a major source, a work force. It was stated that the Indigenes people were unreliable and Europeans were unsuited to the climate. However, Africans had experience in agriculture, keeping cattle, content with the climate. Africa soon became reliant on the slavery of their people and the profits that came along with it. The next stage involved the slaves being transported by voyage to the Americas and Caribbean, the middle passage (PBS. â€Å"The African Slave Trade and the Middle Passage. † http://www. pbs. org/wgbh/aia/part1/1narr4. html). The middle passage was a perilous, horrendous journey slaves made across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas. The final stage of the Atlantic slave trade was the return to Europe from the Americas with the produce from the slave-labor plantations. Most regions of North and South America were used to provide these raw materials to Europe for manufacturing. This wasn’t the first or only slave trade, but it was the cruelest. What began as a quest for gold ended as a quest for slaves, leaving a major stamp on African and American history (Thomas 1997). Before undergoing the middle passage, slaves faced human misery and suffering. Kidnapped slaves were forced to walk shackled in slave caravans to European coastal forts. Due to the lack of food and energy, half of the slaves became sick and were killed or left to die. Some had the strength to make it so they were left in underground dungeons. For years, Africans were stranded in these dungeons across the coast of Africa.. There, they wait on the embarked horrid encounter of the entire slave trade, the middle passage. None of the previous passengers returned to their homeland so none of the Africans knew what they were about to endure. The voyages were generally organized by companies and investors because they were a huge financial burden(â€Å"The African Slave Trade and the Middle Passage). Two theories show the packing of slaves in the European ships; loose and tight packing. Loose packing carried less slaves with the hopes of more room and more slaves making it to the Americas alive and in fair condition. This was exchanged for tight packing. Captains believed despite more casualties, this would yield a greater profit. On occasion, veterinarians inspected the slaves before the voyage to determine which slaves could make it across the Atlantic Ocean. The enslaved Africans were chained together by hand and foot, not even being able to lie on one’s side. They ate, slept, urinated, defecated, gave birth and died all in that one spot. There was overcrowding, inadequate ventilation and little to no sanitation. Twenty percent of every hundred died along the way from either suffocation, starvation, amoebic dysentery, scurvy or a disease such as small pox. The slaves that died were thrown overboard as well as the slaves that showed illness. Some threw their self-overboard risking their life rather than deal with these horrific measures. Approximately fifteen million captured Africans were sent to the Americas. The middle passage was the longest, most dangerous part of the Atlantic slave trade (â€Å"The Middle Passage Experience†). From the seventeenth century on, slaves became the focus of trade between Europe and Africa. Europe had already colonized North and South America as well as the Caribbean islands from the fifteenth century onward. This created an insatiable demand for African laborers, who were deemed â€Å"more fit† to work in the tropical conditions of the New World. The numbers of slaves imported across the Atlantic Ocean steadily increased, from approximately 5,000 slaves a year in the sixteenth century to over 100,000 slaves a year by the end of the eighteenth century (www. mariner. org/captivepassage). Upon their arrival to the Americas, the slaves were washed, greased and placed inside dungeons. The grease added a more appealing look making the slaves appear healthier so the profit would be much higher. European slave traders made sure all of their potential properties were in well condition before bidding. They were branded with a hot iron to keep their identity as a slave. There were two main types of slave auctions; highest bidder or grab and go auctions. Highest bidder was a bidding process which the buyer with the highest bid would get the slave. Grab and go auctions was the process in which the buyer would give the trader an agreed amount of money in exchange for a ticket. This process was where the slaves were released from their dungeon and the buyers would rush and grab the slave they wanted, Each slave would be sold to an owner who owned a great deal of land and worked on either a plantation or mine and there, the living conditions were still only barely better (Curtin 1969) A prominent African, author and a major influence on the enactment of the Slave Trade Act of 1807, Olaudah Equiano was well aware and very familiar with the Atlantic slave trade. At the age of eleven, Equiano and his sister were kidnapped from his village in Nigeria. He survived the middle passage, and taken to the West Indies. He tells how he was bought by Captain Pascal, a British naval Officer as a â€Å"present† for a cousin. He tells how was enslaved in North America for ten years, working as a seaman. In 1766, he bought his freedom and wrote an autobiography, â€Å"The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano,† Equiano gave a firsthand look of the conditions enslaved Africans were forced to live. This document was one of the first documents that explained, thoroughly, the terrible human cruelty of the Atlantic slave trade (Wright et al. 001). Although many lives were taken or at risk, The Atlantic slave trade fulfilled its major goal, profit and change the three continents. Europe, America and Africa’s economy were all affected by the slave trade. Europe’s economy was suffering before the slave trade. The Atlantic slave trade was during the time of recovery for Europe and completely recovered their economy. Because of the success of the trade, they needed more people to manufacture raw materials and export them to Africa. The great supply of jobs created many exports and the income to buy imports. By the end of the slave trade, Europe’s economy was in well standings as one of the wealthiest continents in the world. The America’s economies rose too. They were honored with a free workforce that provided many resources from sugar to cotton. The free labor allotted for them to received one hundred percent of the profit. They were importing more slaves and exporting the goods made by them to gaining wealth. America’s economy became agriculturally stable and soon industrialized. Europe and the Americas economies were affected in a positive way. However, Africa’s economy received a negative effect. Many, for years lived in fear due to slavery. African villages became small and poor. All of the kingdoms that were strong at one time, collapsed and were conquered. They received raw material goods from the slave trade but with nothing shown. The African kings prospered only because they were heavily involved in the slave trade. As the kings’ wealth grew, their economy was at a standstill and eventually failed. The Atlantic slave trade, human cruelty and evil at its finest, had a substantial effect on Europe, the Americas and Africa (www. understandingslavery. com).

Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals Essay

1. Visit the websites of companies like Wal-Mart, Dell and Home Depot, and see if you can find discussions of their supply chain management activities. List information you can find on purchasing/supplier issues, logistics, information systems, quality and customer service. Purchasing/supplier issues: Wal-Mart always emphasized the need to reduce its purchasing costs and offer the best price to its customers. The company procured goods directly from manufacturers, bypassing all intermediaries. Wal-Mart was a tough negotiator on prices and finalized a purchase deal only when it was fully confident that the products being bought were not available elsewhere at a lower price. Wal-Mart spent a significant amount of time meeting vendors and understanding their cost structure. By making the process transparent, the retailer could be certain that the manufacturers were doing their best to cut down costs. Once satisfied, Wal-Mart believed in establishing a long-term relationship with the vendor. In its attempt to drive hard bargains, Wal-Mart did not even spare big manufacturers like Procter & Gamble. However, the company, generally, preferred local and regional vendors and suppliers. Logistics: An important feature of Wal-Mart’s logistics infrastructure was its fast and responsive transportation system. Wal-Mart maintained a strict vigil over its drivers by keeping a record of their activities through the â€Å"Private Fleet Driver Handbook†. The purpose of the book was to educate the drivers with regard to the code of conduct. Non-compliance to the hand book would result in the termination of the driver. To make its distribution process more efficient, Wal-Mart also made use of a logistics technique known as ‘cross docking’. In this system, the finished goods were directly supplied to the customers. The system reduced the handling and storage of finished goods, virtually eliminating the role of the distribution centers and stores. Information Systems: Wal-Mart invested heavily in IT and communications systems to effectively track sales and merchandise inventories in stores across the country. With the rapid expansion of Wal-Mart stores in the US, it was essential to have a good communication system. Wal-Mart set up its own satellite communication system in 1983. They were able to reduce unproductive inventory by allowing stores to manage their own stocks, reducing pack sizes across many product categories, and timely price markdowns. Instead of cutting inventory across the board, Wal-Mart made full use of its IT capabilities to make more inventories available in the case of items that customers wanted most, while reducing the overall inventory levels. The order management and store replenishment of goods were entirely executed with the help of computers through the Point-of –Sales (POS) system. Through this system it was possible to monitor and track the sales and merchandise stock levels on the store shelves. Quality and Customer Service: When Sam Walton started Wal-Mart in 1962, he felt that each Wal-Mart needed to reflect the vision of the community and the values of each customer. This way of doing business became the Wal-Mart organizational culture. Organizational culture is what a company values and this value reflects on how companies conduct their business. According to Time magazine’s website, Sam Walton believed that if you work toward excellence and show passion with your work, you will gain a loyal customer base. Wal-Mart trains employees on how to problem solve and develops each employee to focus on pleasing the customer. The slogan of â€Å"satisfaction guaranteed† is something that Wal-Mart says it takes seriously. Wal-Mart says it trains employees to ask customers if they need assistance or tutorials on how a particular product functions. Another function of Wal-Mart customer strategies is having greeters at the door of every store. Wal-Mart management feel that if customers are greeted by a friendly face, this enhances their shopping experience. Wal-Mart says it spends time and money on its employees to ensure that the philosophy of Sam Walton is instilled into each new employee. According to the Wal-Mart website, Wal-Mart trains its employees on excellent customer skills. Wal-Mart believes that if customers gets what they want at a good price, this will keep them coming back to the store. 2. Search on the term supply chain management. How many hits did you get? Describe five of the websites found in your search. How many hits?- only 247,000,000 5 of the websites–What is Supply Chain Management? Describing what supply chain management is. — The hot new M.B.A.: Supply-Chain Management. Goes into how universities have recently introduced undergraduate majors for supply chain management. — Council of Supply Chain management Professionals: Homepage. They provide education, research, connections for supply chain management. — Module 1: What is Supply Chain Management? It’s a YouTube video introducing viewers to the field of SCM. — Supply Chain Management Certificate. Describes what SCM is and offers advanced professional supply chain management certificate. 3. Go to www.agrichain–centre.com (or a similar website found when searching on New Zealand supply chain management), and discuss the current state of supply chain (or value chain) management in New Zealand. – I went to the site I didn’t see anything on the current state of supply mgmt.. 4. Search for the term bullwhip effect and write a paper on the impacts of the bullwhip effect and the companies profiled in the papers you find. IMPACTS OF THE BULLWHIP EFFECT From the case study, in the early 1990s, P&G faced a problem of extreme demands variation for its Pamper diapers. Although the purchase rate somehow remain steady at the customer end, it has been found that the variation of order rates amplify up the supply chain, from the retailer level to the distributor level. This phenomenon is called bullwhip effect, and the distorted information from one end of a supply chain to the other can lead to tremendous inefficiencies, such as excessive inventory investment, poor customer service, lost revenues, misguided capacity plans, inactive transportation, and missed production schedules. What happens when a supply chain is plagued with a bullwhip effect that distorts its demand information as it is transmitted up the chain? In the past, without being able to see the sales of its products at the distribution channel stage, HP had to rely on the sales orders from the resellers to make product forecasts, plan capacity, control inventory, and schedule production. Big variations in demand were a major problem for HP’s management. The common symptoms of such variations could be excessive inventory, poor product forecasts, insufficient or excessive capacities, poor customer service due to unavailable products or long backlogs, uncertain production planning (i.e., excessive revisions), and high costs for corrections, such as for expedited shipments and overtime. HP’s product division was a victim of order swings that were exaggerated by the resellers relative to their sales; it, in turn, created additional exaggerations of order swings to suppliers. P&G still need to be careful when use the information sharing, because it is only an initial step to reduce the bullwhip effect within a supply chain, if use it from other stages continuously will lead to other problems. For instance, the POS data for a cosmetics store of P&G is not useful for suppliers of Pamper diapers. Moreover, if P&G cannot ensure its short order lead time, information sharing could be redundant because its supply chain is not capable of capitalizing on that information. Coordination in the supply chain is the next primary technique. Besides the Vendor-Managed Inventory (VMI) which P&G has already applied, the Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment (CPFR) could also be used to moderate the bullwhip effect, as well as to reduce cost. Finally, the generous return policies that manufacturers offer retailers aggravate gaming. Without a penalty, retailers will continue to exaggerate their needs and cancel orders. Not surprisingly, some computer manufacturers are beginning to enforce more stringent cancellation policies. The bullwhip effect results from rational decision making by members in the supply chain. Companies can effectively counteract the effect by thoroughly understanding its underlying causes. Industry leaders like Procter & Gamble are implementing innovative strategies that pose new challenges: integrating new information systems, defining new organizational relationships, and implementing new incentive and measurement systems. The choice for companies is clear: either let the bullwhip effect paralyze you or find a way to conquer it. 5. Search on the term supply chain Management software applications, and write a paper about how companies use these to improve their financial performance. Software Application Improve Supply Chain Management Financial Performance Supply chain management software is possibly the most fractured group of software applications on the planet. Some vendors have assembled many different chunks of software together under a single roof, but no one has a complete package that is right for every company. For example, most companies need to track demand, supply, manufacturing status, logistics (i.e. where things are in the supply chain), and distribution. They also need to share data with supply chain partners at an ever increasing rate. While products from large ERP (enterprise resource planning) vendors like SAP’s Advanced Planner and Optimizer (APO) can perform many or all of these tasks, because each industry’s supply chain has a unique set of challenges, many companies decide to go with targeted best of breed products instead, even if some integration is an inevitable consequence. It’s worth mentioning that the old adage about systems only being as good as the information that they contain applies doubly to SCM. If the information entered into a demand forecasting application is not accurate, then you will get an inaccurate forecast. Similarly, if employees bypass the supply chain systems and try to manage things manually (using the fax machine or spreadsheets), then even the most expensive systems will provide an incomplete picture of what is happening in a company’s supply chain. Effective supply chain management boosts profitability by systematically reducing the overall costs associated with goods and services. Using SCM Software could increase the return on your investment by using the same principles that are used in big software companies abilities; increase quality, speed production, and reduce costs, and extending them to your supply network. You collaborate with your suppliers in real time, improving the relationships and the overall management of your supply chain. SCM software manages the entire process, from requisitioning to purchase order creation, receiving, invoice payment, and the tracking of supplier performance. It supports high-volume repetitive deliveries with supplier schedules specifying date and hour of delivery. Long term plans can be shared with suppliers allowing them to order raw materials, plan production, and arrange deliveries based on accurate, reliable data. SCM software helps to avoid the costly fines and penalties associated with defaults on regulatory compliance by maintaining the global knowledge necessary to fulfill cross-border transactions within governmental and customs regulations. Supply chain management (SCM) is the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the operations of the supply chain as efficiently as possible. Supply chain management goes into improving the way a company finds the raw components it needs to make a product or service and deliver it to customers. Using supply chain management software and tools can bring greater speed and accuracy to the way a company do business thereby saving you time and money. 6. Search on green supply chains, and write a paper regarding the global regulatory status of environmental legislation and how it is impacting supply chain management. Impact of Environmental Legislation on Supply Chain Management One of many challenges in environmental management is compliance with new environmental regulations. For instance, the EU recently requested all electrical and electronic products being exported to the region to follow the restrictions of hazardous substances (RoHS) directives in order to reduce certain substances used in products. Another regulation, waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), aims at promoting reuse, recycling, and other forms of recovery in order to reduce the waste. Those regulations presented unprecedented challenges to international supply chains. Failing to comply with the regulations could result in loss of sales and reputation. For instance, in 2001, over one million SONY Play Stations were rejected by Dutch customs for containing environmentally hazardous substances. From the perspective of supply chain management, environmental regulations impose immediate pressure on manufacturing firms from different countries along a supply chain to work together to ensure the elimination of any hazardous substances. As component suppliers revamp their products, contract manufacturers retool their manufacturing lines, and OEMs redesign many of their products. There is an unprecedented level of change in international supply chains because of this new wave of environmental movements. In the case of regulation compliance, many small manufacturers from developing countries lack the necessary experience and resources to respond to new environmental requirements imposed by downstream partners from developed countries. As developed countries move toward higher value-adding products and services, developing countries would assume a larger share of manufacturing functions in the global supply chain, thereby shouldering greater environ- mental burden. Whether supplier resistance will stymie progress toward green supply chain management is critical to compliance with environmental regulations. Currently, the practices of, and barriers to various supply chain parties to cope with environmental regulations are not fully understood. It is possible that the trend of globalization and the enforcement of regulations have increased the impact of â€Å"industry† on green manufacturing practices. More studies should be conducted to re-examine the effects of the cultural and industry factors. Effort is made to ensure the quality of this case study. For example, the study selected theoretically useful cases, used multiple investigators and respondents, conducted reliability and validity tests, collected multiple sources of evidence, and systematically searched for cross-case patterns. There are still some potential shortcomings regarding the generalization of the findings. For instance, the findings confirm the value of green partnerships but not the specific involvement of individual supply chain parties. African Journal of Business Management Vol. 5(26), pp. 10601-10614, 28 October, 2011 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJBM DOI: 10.5897/AJBM11.518 ISSN 1993-8233  ©2011 Academic Journals Lee, Hau L., V. Padmanabhan, and Seungjin Whang. â€Å"The Bullwhip Effect In Supply Chains1.† Sloan management review 38.3 (1997): 93-102. i[ii] J. D. Sterman, â€Å"Modeling managerial behavior: misperceptions of feedback in a dynamic decision making experiment,† Management Science, vol. 35, pp. 321–339, 1989. ii[iii] Lee, H.L., V. Padmanabhan, and S. Whang. â€Å"Comments on ‘Information Distortion in a Supply Chain: The Bullwhip Effect,’† Management Science, 50(12), 1887-1893, 2004. iii[iv] Wilck, Joseph H. â€Å"Managing the Bullwhip Effect.† Unpublished Ph. D. Dual Degree, Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, College of Engineering (available at< http://www. engr. psu. edu/symposium2006/papers/Session% 203D% 20-% 20Modeling% 20and% 20Engineering% 20Applications/Wilck. pdf>, accessed July 2009) (2006). iv[v] Gilbert, K. â€Å"An ARIMA Supply Chain Model,† Management Science, 51(2), 305-310, 2005. v[vi] Chopra, S. and P. Meindl. Supply Chain Management. Second Edition, Prentice Hall, 478-504, 2004. vi[vii] [4] Dejonckheere, J., S.M. Disney, M.R. Lambrecht, and D.R. Towill. â€Å"Measuring and Avoiding the Bullwhip Effect: A Control Theoretic Approach,† European Journal of Operational Research, 147, 567-590, 2003. vii[viii] Chen, Frank, et al. â€Å"Quantifying the bullwhip effect in a simple supply chain: The impact of forecasting, lead times, and information.† Management science 46.3 (2000): 436-443. 1. This initiative was engineered by Kurt Salmon Associates but propelled by executives from a group of innovative companies like Procter & Gamble and Campbell Soup Company. See: Kurt Salmon Associates, â€Å"ECR: Enhancing Consumer Value in the Grocery Industry (Washington, D.C.: report, January 1993); and F.A. Crawford, â€Å"ECR: A Mandate for Food Manufacturers?† Food Processing, volume 55, February 1994, pp. 34–42. 2. J.A. Cooke, â€Å"The $30 Billion Promise,† Traffic Management, volume 32, December 1993, pp. 57–59. 3. J. Sterman, â€Å"Modeling Managerial Behavior: Misperception of Feedback in a Dynamic Decision-Making Experiment,† Management Science, volume 35, number 3, 1989, pp. 321–339. 4. Sterman (1989); and P. Senge, The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization (New York: Doubleday/Currency, 1990). 5. For a theoretical treatment of this subject, see: H.L. Lee, P. Padmanabhan, and S. Whang, â€Å"Information Distortion in a Supply Chain: The Bullwhip Effect,† Management Science, 1997, forthcoming. 6. M. Millstein, â€Å"P&G to Restructure Logistics and Pricing,† Supermarket News, 27 June 1994, pp. 1, 49. 7. V. Carroll, H.L. Lee, and A.G. Rao, â€Å"Implications of Salesforce Productivity, Heterogeneity and Demotivation: A Navy Recruiter Case Study,† Management Science, volume 32, number 11, 1986, pp. 1371–1388. 8. Salmon (1993). 9. P. Sellers, â€Å"The Dumbest Marketing Ploy,† Fortune, volume 126, 5 October 1992, pp. 88–93. 10. P. 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