My First Jump – A short Story

The wind was painful against my face, the skin being pulled back from my face, skull emobossed against it. My instructors (Jake and Ryan) were falling with me, to keep me â€Å"safe.† Jake tapped my shoulder, the signal that I should pull my chute. I grabbed the rip cord, and pulled it with all the force I could†¦this was a mistake. I had been instructed before to just give it a gentle tug†¦the cord snapped off. My parachute had failed. This is when the panic kicked in. All the training I had received, gone. My mind drew a complete blank. I was looking around desperately at Jake and Ryan, while the earth was hurtling towards us rapidly. Ryan tilted himself forward, causing his whole body to move forwards in the air, moving towards me. He pulled a cord on my parachute, so as to activate the emergency chute, something which had not been explained to me, as they didn’t see the point, it usually works†¦The emergency chute failed. Nothing appeared. This was when my heart was in my throat, no parachute, freefalling, I was dead. At that moment in time, I couldn’t understand why Ryan then decided to grasp on to me, coiling his body around mine, like a koala gripping a tree, until he pulled his cord, deploying his parachute, causing us to fall much slower, all of this happened in an instant. We were, however, still at a dangerous height, the only thing that was keeping me from falling to my death was the grip of Ryan, and the strain could be felt, and the grunts of pain, as he put everything he could in to holding me up. The land site was no longer a priority, it was more landing in general. We were getting closer and closer to the ground, but I could feel myself slipping†¦I managed to rotate while in mid air, and hold on to Ryan, allowing him to let go of me, and all of the pressure was now on me. At around 10 foot, I lost grip of ryan, and fell to the concrete ground below. This broke my ankle, and sprained my knee, but at this point I was just glad to be alive†¦ This experience was really a massive reality check for me, it’s made me realize that not everything goes to plan all the time, no matter how much it needs to. It has also made me really appreciate life, and every moment of it. As they say, â€Å"five minutes of life, is life.† Another experience, which is totally different from this one, but had the same impact on me as a person, is this†¦ My vision was blurred†¦nurses shouting†¦something about an â€Å"antidote.† I couldn’t remember anything that had happened. Panic struck me. I had no idea what was going on, and was too weak to express this, but it was obviously serious. What was a â€Å"Chinese Bird Spider†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦? I was on holiday in China, that much I knew†¦My eyes were getting heavier†¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ he’s coming around†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The sun was shining, dazzling, in my eyes, it was difficult to see, I could however, ask what had happened. I had been bitted by a â€Å"Chinese Bird Spider.† One of the most venemous and dangerous spiders on earth. If my mum hadn’t recognised it instantly, and taken me to the hopsital. I would have died. No doubt. The pain in my neck was definitely present, but dull and numb, it must have only just been in time. This event has also made me really appreciate life, and how amazing it is. I now realise that I took everything I had for granted. Fear, I feel, is the ultimate form, of humanising someone, making them realise what life is truly about, and how to live it.

Comparing Ancient and Classical Art Paper Essay

Through each culture, art is created even it wasn’t meant to be used for it. The Stonehenge and the Great Stupa are two of the oldest known structures in our history. The European civilization, based in the southern part of the United Kingdom, is one of the wonders of the world and the best-known prehistoric monument. The ancient Indian civilization is in India, is one of the three stupas in India. Many similarities and differences existed between these two civilizations, as even though they co-existed during a certain timeframe and in two different geographical areas. The differences in geography are both these civilizations were subjected to different kinds of exposure, which may have included contact with other civilization and cultural inheritance. The European civilization had a stronger emphasis on a central authority, while the Indians had a more decentralized structure, where powers were distributed over the cities and the states as well. The Art the Europeans created were more involved into making great monumental and gaudy structures while the Indians were more involved in creating smaller, more literary pieces of art. The Great Stupa’ at Sanchi is one of the most sophisticated and well-known monuments of all time; the marvelous icon is considered to be a cornerstone of Buddhist art, architecture, and religion. It stands tall and holds a powerful presence that is very symptomatic of its historical context. India is home to one the most symbolic and oldest stone structures known to man. This astonishing marvel built around 3rd century B.C by one of the most powerful and influential rulers of ancient India, Emperor Ashoka the Great. Asoka was the emperor of the Maurya Dynasty and ruled the Indian subcontinent from ca. 269 BCE to 232 B.C and during his reign, Ashoka converted to Buddhism and spread his Buddhist teachings through India, as well as having the great stupa erected to glorify and harbor the sacred Bu ddhist relics. This incredible  monument is majestic & unique in more ways than one. It has been said that the structure symbolizes the world mountain and â€Å"despite having the most perfect and well-preserved stupa, Buddhist art and architecture, it’s also surrounded by numerous other stupas, pillars, temples and living quarters for monks, the greater part of which had been buried.† Upon first recognition one could be lead to believe that because there are many other alluring attractions in India, it would be hard for this stupa to stand out and get its proper avowal. But this remarkable stone masterpiece has a wide range of spectacular things to offer, and tells us a very detailed story about early Buddhist life in India. Although the Great Stupa is among one of the many ancient monuments of India, few are of more interest than the tops of the stupas at Sanchi–Kanakheda. (Sayre, 2010) In the late Neolithic period, the megaliths at Stonehenge were erected. These stones were believed to be built anywhere from 3000 BC to 2000 BC and placed by the community just one hundred miles to the west of London, England. Nobody knows the initial purpose of Stonehenge; however, there are theories of what it may have meant to this culture of the Neolithic era. There have been discoveries of human remains found at Stonehenge that have been dated back to the time of its creation. This discovery advises that all of these stones put in place as a burial ground for this culture’s ancestors. The five trilithons that form a horseshoe are located in the center of a full circle of what looks like multiple, attached trilithons. This circular enclosure, much like the stone circular wall around The Great Stupa, is designed to increase the sacredness of what is inside. Another similarity of these structures is that they both serve as burial grounds. Stonehenge appears to be an organized grouping of stones; and The Great Stupa, appearing to be flawlessly symmetrical, were both created as complete perfection in the eyes of each of the respective cultures who created them (Sayre, 2010). The similarities and differences between the Stonehenge and the Great Stupa at Stanchi are interesting and more similarities than expected. The Stonehenge was built surrounding several thousand burial mounds which are very similar to the Great Stupa in a sense that the center circular brick formation was built over the relics of the Buddha. The Stonehenge and the Great Stupa were both built in a circular formation. The Stonehenge and the Great Stupa both are built with large pillars as well as differ in that sense because the  Stonehenge’s pillars have/had a rough, more natural/raw material for their standing pillars. The Stupa’s pillars had polished the pillars they had built and also covered them with narrative scenes from the life of the Buddha. The narratives scenes were for onlookers to be able to see. Although the Stupa had polished their pillars, they had also carved them to look like carved wood. Unlike the Stupa, the Stonehenge is believed to have shrunk in size over time as years passed. The Stupa expanded after a believed vandalism, which then led to the son of the emperor to expand the Stupa with stone slabs making it almost twice in size. Although the Stupa was expanded over time, numerous different times and the Stonehenge was not they were both however believed to be built in stages. The Stupa was built with stone carved to look like wood in some spots while the Stonehenge was built with wood timbers. Even though now it looks as though it’s just stone the opposite of the Stupa that looks as though it’s built with wood, as well as stone. The purpose of the Great Stupa at Sanchi is believed to be for religious purposes. For example, Emperor Asoka believed power rested within religious virtues and not military forces. The stupas also housed important relics of Buddha and the remains of Buddhist holy monks. The Great Stupa holds great cultural value because it is revered by the people because it is a place of worship and prayer. The purpose of the Stonehenge is set to be unknown, however there are a set of theories and out of the many there was one which stood out the most. Based on hundreds of human bones that were found at the site, the bones were over 1,000 years old. The human bones show a human burial cremation took place at the site. The cultural value of the Stonehenge could be it held a significant amount of information on when it was time for the people to harvest. The ancient artifacts created philosophers, great artwork, and great writing, which we find extremely useful to our daily education today. Reference Sayre, H. M. (2010). A World of Art. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Inc. A guide to Sanchi† John Marshall. These â€Å"Greek-looking foreigners† are also described in Susan Huntington, â€Å"The art of ancient India†, p. 100 Lacy, Norris J, ed., The Arthurian Encyclopedia, New York, Peter Bedrick Books, 1986, article by Geoffrey Ashe, p. 529.

Contemporary Leader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Contemporary Leader - Essay Example He has genuine charm and a charismatic personality to capture his audience. His political motto â€Å"Change we can believe in† is attractive and believable and has already drawn several supporters from both the major political parties in the country – The Republicans as well as The Democrats, who advocate and promote his views and beliefs (Obama, 2008). His bipartisanship quality has the ability to bring the nation together and create a bond that would further strengthen the nation’s overall supremacy. His policies have the capability of bringing two of the nation’s biggest political parties – The Republicans and The Democrats together in terms of agreement and acceptance of his desired goals and visions. He has the required wisdom and intelligence to foresee the impact of certain political decisions, which is evident from his firm stand on the Iraq war issue. His strong leadership qualities are characterized by his exemplary vision for the nation which involves creating hope and maintaining the promises that the leaders make to the citizens of the country. His stand against the establishment on non acceptance of money, especially from special interest groups and beliefs in being upfront and ethical further strengthen his image as a leader and a visionary that America today, needs. However like several other contemporary leaders, Obama too has certain weaknesses such as lack of experience, his race, name, views on foreign policies, etc. Obama lacks largely on the experience factor. His political experience is far less than the other top tier politicians in the country. Moreover, his race might also prove to be a deterrent to probable voters, as African Americans, historically, have barely made it to the top. Also his unusual sounding name, Barack Hussein Obama, might confuse voters about his real identity and pass wrong messages raising doubts about his political

Negative Influences Disney Channel has on kids today Essay

Negative Influences Disney Channel has on kids today - Essay Example Many people agree that there is no childhood without living a Disney flick in some ways. These specific characters in Disney affect how children relate and even their perceptions about each other. In many of the Disney flicks, the kids are taught that being cool relates to glamour and richness. This creates a boundary with their relationship with fellow kids in class. The kids also get the notion that skimpy dressing is cool. The Disney characters, therefore, affect children’s life in one way or the other. Even if it is not during their childhoods, the effect will still be present in one aspect of their lives. The most notable example of a Disney channel is Hannah Montana. She was one of the favorites for many kids. Her recent infamous twerking incidences are nothing to inspire any kids. She shows the kids that being cool is partying and doing drugs. This has innumerable effects on the kids’ lives. This essay seeks to discuss how the Disney characters affect the childre n in their daily lives. It also discusses the main effects that the kids get after trying to emulate these characters. In most Disney films, they depict ugliness as bad and beauty as good. In these flicks, all the heroes are typically beautiful while the villains are typically unattractive. For instance, Disney’s beauty and the beast give this exact picture. ... Some people might agree that Disney tries to portray a positive message in most of their flicks (Joseph 14). However, this is not the case since the kids can get a different perception when they watch the movies. For instance in the beauty and the beast, Disney should have presented a case where beauty is portrayed as in the inside of a person and not superficially. Clearly, this would have a different effect on the children watching the movie. From the movie, they are showing that to find true love in life one must be beautiful. Other Disney characters like Donald duck, goofy and Mickey Mouse, teach children inappropriate behavior. From these characters, the children learn that a cunning character helped them get away with mischief. This is a very wrong perception for the kids. On a different perspective the children, most parent bar their kids from watching the rap songs that show partial nudity, parties and alcohol. The kids are advised to watch the Disney channel (Booker 143). In terestingly there is no difference in this channel since movies like â€Å"lemonade mouth† â€Å"Shake it Up†, â€Å"Sharpay’s fabulous adventure† and â€Å"Hannah Montana† gives children similar depictions. They inform the children that to be cool they have to attend parties, become rich, famous and glamorous. This is no different from the rap songs since the message getting across is similarly negative (Whitely 99). It is from these movies that the kids develop delinquent characters to match with the competition of staying cool at school. The celebrities of Disney channel often times play the most important role in our children’s lives. They are the coolest and most stylish role model to our children. Kids want to buy products from anything like posters of celebrities to even their

GROW Model of Coaching Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

GROW Model of Coaching - Research Paper Example Coaching in the business world refers to providing necessary support to the subordinates in order to uplift their capabilities, attitudes, skills and behaviors in a manner that will produce high and/or desired outcomes. Coaching is performed in many categories such as life, health, sports, relationships, conflicts, business or performance etc. Various approaches have been proposed in each of these categories. In this topic, business or performance coaching will be studied based on the GROW model, and an analysis will be done to understand how GROW model can help the managers and their subordinates, as well as its impact on the organization. Conclusions will be drawn based on findings from the study conducted. What is GROW? The GROW model school of coaching was first developed by Sir John Whitmore, an athlete by profession (Wilson, 2011). GROW is a short form of goal, reality, opportunity and the will to do. The GROW model provides very specific approach to coaching, unlike other mode ls, which will help the coaches in any field as it provides a step-by-step approach to the process of coaching. The GROW model provides a wide range of options in every step for the coach to study, analyze and arrive at a solution. Goal: The goals stage usually precedes all as it involves discussion of the person’s objectives and aims in the short and long-term. The topic for discussion or the coaching session needs to be clarified before beginning any coaching-related activity. The coachee’s long-term aims need to be broken into short-term objectives that are realistic and achievable. This process will help in gaining the individual’s attention and commitment to the coaching process. Umicker asserts that coaching is the first activity that an employee experiences once he joins the organization, which is conducted in the form of orientation and training (McConnell, 2010). The expectations that are set during this period will help aligning the employees to the or ganizational goals, which is critical to the employees’ performance. Reality: The next step to coaching is to identify the real situation, or the reality. This would involve analyzing the current position or situation, and the obstacles that are hindering the coachee’s progress. The best way to undertake this process is to encourage self-assessment from the candidate and to avoid any sort of assumptions from either side. A very effective method for the supervisors or leaders to check reality is to be connected to their employees. An effective method that would assist this process is ‘management by wandering around,’ as explained by Peters and Austin (McConnell, 2010). Secondly, the coach needs to assess the significance and seriousness of the issue and the goal to the coachee; the coachee’s feelings associated with his/her current situation and the goal to be achieved; any other issues that the coachee might have. Opportunity: Once the reality is id entified, the range of options available at hand need to be explored along with the coachee. This process will be most effective when the coachee is encouraged to provide suggestions and ideas along with the coach offering suggestions after a careful examination. A range of options will help in better choices to be made. However, it is also important to note that the choice of option must not be completely vested with the coachee, considering his/her knowledge and

Professional Goal and Action Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Professional Goal and Action Plan - Essay Example For me, being successful in public relations will serve a lifelong purpose as it will help me create an environment that significantly values the importance of interpersonal relations. It is not only for me but for the society. I want to create a difference in the society, and this is the primary reason why I want to become successful in that field. I want to reiterate the value of interpersonal relations in the success of any person, business or culture. Since humans are natural social beings, the field of public relations is important as it helps in creating the environment, values and morals of the society (Reddi, 2009). It gives a hand in shaping people’s perspectives and reveal the truth and facts behind things in a manner that laymen can easily understand. The first thing that I need to do is specify my goals. In this section, I need to create a specific objective statement which corresponds to the smart action plan. The smart goal contains a statement which is specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and time-bound. Without these important aspects, I wouldn’t be able to create an action plan that is relevant to my goal. ... The primary function of a public relations practitioner is to advise the management of the impact of its policies to the public and to relay the impact of business moves and policies to the public (Johnston, et.al., 2009; Narula, 2006). Breaking this down, a public relations publicist are: â€Å"to advise management on policy and its effect on public relations, to channel and coordinate within an organization the activities that affect public relations, to provide the mechanics for explaining an organization and its policies to its various publics through communication media and to ascertain and explain to management what various publics think about the organization† (Johnston, et.al., 2009). In this regard, I believe that the role of a public relations practitioner is to guide not only the public of what is happening within the business by relating the policies to the masses’ experience but also to inform the business industry of the impact of their policies to the pub lic (Botha, et.al., 2007). This is an important ground in creating policies and defining changes and development within the business in order to be better and to be able to gain the trust and confidence of the public. The different areas of public relations are the following: communication, publicity, promotions, press agentry, integrated marketing, issues management, crisis management, press secretary or public information agent, public affairs or lobbyist, financial relations, communication relations, internal relations, industry relations, minority relations, media relations, public diplomacy, event management, sponsorship, cause relationship marketing and fundraising (Johnston,

Quality Statistics Project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Quality - Statistics Project Example Still from Table II-A, the maximum locate number is located where the raw with N code letter intersects with 1.5 percent – this number is 14, which is the maximum locate number. To estimate the producer’s risk, we shall use binomial distribution Table. Since we shall require n = 15 as the sample size, we shall go to the row where n = 5. In the ‘x’ Colum, we shall select 2, assuming that we shall not allow more than two defects. To get the producer’s risk, we shall locate the value that corresponds to 0.05, which is the AQL - this value is 0.97. Therefore, the producer’s risk = 100-97 = 3% or 0.03. This is a two-tailed test because the null hypothesis will be rejected if the sample mean is either too large or too small – there are two outcomes that will lead to rejection of the null hypothesis. Considering the two-tailed test, we shall be interested in establishing whether the p-value is less than -2.5 or greater than 2.5 Using t Distribution Table, we find that P (t > 2.5) = 0.9885 and P(t < -1.77) = 0.9885 Therefore, p-value = 0.9885*2 =

Essay Questions Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Questions - Essay Example The government can address this by penalizing through the imposition of high taxes those companies who are subcontracting or exporting jobs abroad. This will in effect discourage companies to export jobs because it will become expensive to subcontract jobs. This arrangement is still possible because the government did not prohibit companies to relocate work but only formulated a strategy that does not give business incentive to export jobs. 2. Explain the importance of East Asia as an economic powerhouse. Is economic or political power shifting from North America (and specifically the United States) toward East Asia? Explain. Which historical and economic reasons might prevent East Asia from acting as a unified region in world politics? In economics, US economy is about eight times bigger than China and has also massive industrial and technological complex that can sustain the output and growth of its economy.   Its currency is still used as the worlds  reserve currency and it is not likely that the US dollar will be replaced by other currency soon (Business Monitor International, 2009 pg. 23).  China on the other hand lacks multinational corporations and does not  even  have its own industrial complex making its economy heavily dependent on Western enterprise Also, the huge  size of US economy enables it to allocate a military budget equaled by none.   It only allocates 4% of its total GDP on defense but due to the sheer size of its economy, this translates to a $600 billion military budget (Jinghao, 2008).   US has also the most advance weaponry in the world.   US military arsenal is already capable of stealth combat with its F22 fighters and B52 long range bombers.   To date, US has already completed the informationalization of its military that is leading to the  Ã¢â‚¬Å"no man†, networking orientation which is a powerful global combat strength (Pastor, 2001).   United States is also capable of projecting power beyond its border.   Its 12

Gold as a Hedge against the Devaluation of the Dollar Research Paper

Gold as a Hedge against the Devaluation of the Dollar - Research Paper Example For example, the price of gold had been remained the same for about two hundred years after when Sir Isaac Newton had set the gold price at L3, 17s. 10d. per troy ounce in 1717. The gold prices have been raised to extreme levels after 1973. The gold rate in 1973 was $97.39 which was average price, and it rose to $444.74 in 2005, which has now become $1224.53 at the end of 2010. The calculation of five-year annualized rate of return on gold as an investment alternative has been given below. The gold rates have been taken for year 2005 and 2010, which are $444.74 and $1224.53 respectively. The formula for computing the rate of return of gold is as follows: 100*(second price/ first price) ^ (1/ (second year – first year))-100 Putting the values for second price ($1224.53), first year ($444.74), second year (2010), and first year (2005), we will get the rate of return on gold as an investment alternative for the period of 2005-2010 as follows: 100*(1224.53/444.74) ^ (1/(2010-2005) )-100 = 22.4539074 From the result we have got, we can get the rate of return on gold as an alternative investment, which is in this case is 46%. Relationship between gold and USD value: This section will provide the necessary details about the relation between the gold and USD value in both the domestic as well as in the international economy. Some of the key factors will also be presented that affect key changes into the value of USD. Firstly, we will be talking about some of the factors affecting the US economy on the domestic economy. The domestic economy actually tends to affect the exchange rates of a country. The apparent position of the US economy in the economic cycle is one example, in which we experience a boom, bust, and then expansion or contradiction. Factors such as economic growth, inflation and economic outlook actually highlight the economic condition and health of the country. The level of interest rates will be influenced depending upon the economy’s posit ion in the economic cycle, e.g. the economic cycle’s booming phase will experience the interest rates to be increasing despite the slow demand. The possibility of the occurrence of the inflation is also reduced. The monetary policy of the US is quite similar to that of Australia in terms of interest rates rising to lower down the pressures from the inflation or monetary demand. On the other hand, an increase or a decrease in the interest rates in the US causes the demand or supply of the currency to increase or decrease. ‘Debt levels’ is considered to be the major problem with the US economy. The USA is still facing the severe debt crisis as it owes to the other countries trillions of dollars. This has the effect of pressurizing the economy of the US. Another alarming factor is that the US financial institutions pay more interests to their lenders than the one they receive from their borrowers. The difference in the two countries’ interest rates really aff ects the demand of the foreign currencies. In simple terms a country will only invest into another country if the former is getting a good return from the latter on the investments. The most suitable example for this event is the higher interest rates in Australia in 2009 and the US interest rates were lower. Hence the investors moved to Australia instead of US. The overall effect of that was the upward pressure imposed on Australian dollar and a downward on US dollar. Now about the gold

Cybercrime Definition Essay Example for Free

Cybercrime Definition Essay 1: What is a cybercrime in your own words? Cybercrime, also called computer crime because the use of a computer is used as tool to help people meet their illegal ends. Some cybercrime examples are committing fraud, trafficking in child pornography and intellectual property, stealing other peoples identity, or violating privacy of others. 2: What is the extent of cybercrime in the United States? Cyber crimes here in the United States are becoming very dangerous and serious, this could include online scams, also here in the United States we are the highest target for cyber crimes. And sometimes, it is very hard to measure the extent of cyber-crime in the US, due to the fact that when authorities record cyber-crime, they dont necessarily record it as a computer-related offense. It is most often recorded as fraud or some other conventional crime. The people who hack alone cost the US billions of dollars every year. 3: How do you think we should control / enforce cybercrime? Well, One of the first steps you can take is to add firewalls to your computer so that scams and viruses are less likely to bug your computer. Also, one of the major steps, always make sure not to give out your personal information and only shop on secure websites. I never give out any personal information of mine online unless it is 100 percent secure. If it is not secure somebody else could have your identity very quick. Costing you a lot of money. I definitely do not want my identity stolen. Most â€Å"secure† websites will have a logo saying â€Å"Website Secured.†These steps will help ensure that some negative activity does not occur. 4: Do you think enforcement can be effective? Why or why not? Yes, definitely because at least it can guarantee us safety in the worldwide web and it could also teaches us to be more well discipline and to strengthen the norms that is governing that society. Enforcement could maybe dig more deeper into this and help find who is commiting these cybercrimes. There should not be any mysteries or â€Å"excuses† as far as how to solve or lessen cybercrime. I know that the government can find these cyber criminals as we all know that our government has more advanced technology than we can possibly imagine.

Using An Electric Motor Fan Engineering Essay

Using An Electric Motor Fan Engineering Essay The resistance value for experiment 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 calculated and was 93.23 , 101.01 and 100.90 respectively. The effect of voltage increase on temperature was recoded and how power is lost as heart was understood. How electrical current generate magnetic field was observed by using compasses and explained. An experiment was also carried out and explained in to how electromagnetic field is used to control electrical circuits involving more than one circuit in a relay. The change of electrical energy to mechanical was also investigated by using an electric motor-fan. Background Despite the famous experiment Benjamin Franklin, he did not invented electricity. Electricity exists naturally. It has always been around. A good example of electric flow that occurs naturally is lightening. Lightening is a flow of electrons between the ground and clouds. When clouds rub against each other or other objects they become charged. When the potential difference between the clouds and ground reaches a certain level a flow of electrons balances the charge, this exhibits a flash of light or lightening1. Electrical systems and components can be classified into several capabilities and used for many different applications. Electrical components and systems can be used to heat, power, sense, drive, detect, indicate, to transmit and receive data2. Electrical equipment such as light bulbs, batteries and electric generators are not needed for electric city to exist, although designed to use and harness electric city. If potential difference or voltage is maintained across a conductor an electric flow occurs, Figure1. The currents magnitude depends on the voltage. The Ohms law states that the current through a conductor between the two points is directly proportional to the potential difference across the two points. Therefore if the potential difference applied across a conductor is changed the current will also change. If a device follows the Ohms law the graph voltage vs current should have a straight line3. By rearranging the equation 1, voltage can be calculated; in addition the resistance of material can simply calculated by dividing the voltage to the current see equation 1. V R=V/I Figure1. An electric potential across a conductor3 Equation 13 The two types of circuits are series and parallel. Total resistance in series circuit can be determined by adding the individual resistors resistance. To find the resistance of two or more resistors connected in parallel, the sum of the inverse individual resistance is used2, Equation2. Equation 24 In electrical circuit some power is lost as heat. Resistance and heat loss is directly proportional for a given volts. Therefore if the volt is increased the resistance will increase, this will then result in a great deal of heat being lost3. When there is a need to control more than one circuit, a relay is used. Relay is a switch operated by electric. The mechanical movement of a relay is often controlled by magnetic force. The flow of current through the relay coil generates a magnetic field and changes the switch by attracting a lever. Relay aid one circuit to switch to another circuit and operate completely separate from the initial circuit5. Relay coil NO COM NC Figure 2. Relay contact5 Key COM  = Common, always connect to this, it is the moving part of the switch. NC  = Normally Closed, COM is connected to this when the relay coil is  off NO  = Normally Open, COM is connected to this when the relay coil is  on If an electrical current flows through a wire, a magnetic field is created due to the moving charges. Figure 3 demonstrates the magnetic fields in a straight conductor. The magnetic field for a straight conductor circles around the conductor. As illustrated from figure 4, a wire is coiled up to make a solenoid. The flow of the current determines the magnetic field direction. Each loop experiences its own magnetic field and the total magnetic field is the sum of individual loop. In addition the magnitude of the total magnetic field of a solenoid is directly proportional to the number of coils a coiled wire has7. Magnetic Field Around a Wire VRML Model Figure 3. Magnetic fields in Straight conductor7 Magnetic Field of a Solenoid VRML Model Figure 4. Magnetic fields in solenoid7 Electric motor is one of the very useful appliances use electric power to turn in to mechanical energy. To understand how an electric motor work simply imagine a nail wrapped with a wire and connected to a battery Figure 5. If the battery is connected to the wire, the nail would eventually become a magnet and have a south and North Pole. If the nail is suspended in the middle of a horseshoe magnet as in figure 5, the north end of the nail would be repelled away from the horseshoes north end and attract to the south end of the horseshoe. By doing this the nail would half turn and stop at the original place. To maintain a full turn the electromagnetic field of the nail should be flipped at a very precise moment. This is done simply by changing the direction of the electrons flow6. http://static.ddmcdn.com/gif/motor-nail-in-horseshoe.gif Figure 5. Electro magnet in a horseshoe magnet6 Experimental Experiment 1.1: Electrical circuit As illustrated in figure 6, a series circuit was set up and one resistor was used across the circuit. Multi-meters were used to record the voltage across the resistor and current. Five different voltages in the range of 2 to 12 volts were applied and the current was recorded for each for each volts. Power R1 V A Figure 6. Series one resistor circuit2 Experiment 1.2 Similar procedure was used to record the voltage and current for the second experiment, this time though two resistors were used. V Power R1 R2 A Figure 7. Series two resistor circuit2 Experiment 1.3 In the third experiment two resistors was set up in a parallel circuit. Similar method to experiment one and two was used to record the voltage and current. Power A R1 R2 V Figure 8. Two resistors in parallel2 Experiment 2: Temperature vs. voltage In the fourth experiment investigates the relationship between voltage and temperature across a resistor. Similar circuit to experiment was, but this time one of the multi-meter was used set to record temperature. A thermocouple as shown in figure 9 was used to detect the temperature change and this was fed to the multi-meter8. http://images.picotech.com/se001-thermocouple.jpg Figure 9. Thermocouple8 Experiment 3: Relay Figure 10 shows the mechanism of the relay. A switch was used to control the relay by switching between the two circuits. Figure 10. Diagram for connection of experiment with relay and LEDs2 Experiment 4: Electric motor Fan An electric motor was used and given a power of 12 volt. Electric current was controlled by a switch and the fan rotated as due to the magnetic field generated by the electric. Experiment 5: Magnetism In these experiment two methods was used to test electro magnetism of electric of the flow of current. A wire used to flow electricity and magnetic compass was placed around the wire. In the second method a coiled wire was used and compasses was placed in the inside and outside of the coiled. Results Table 1. Experiment one and two Single resistor circuit Two resistor in series Two resistors in parallel V Amps Temperature C0 V Amps V Amps 2 0.0198 24 2 0.0099 2 0.0396 4 0.0390 25 4 0.0198 4 0.0793 6 0.0990 26 6 0.0297 6 0.1189 8 0.0792 28 8 0.0396 8 0.1587 10 0.0990 30 10 0.0495 10 0.1981 Note: The value of current highlighted for single resistor at 6 volts is an anomaly. Figure 11. Current vs Voltage Table 2. Resistance calculation Total resistance/ÃŽ © Power in v Series circuit Parallel Circuit with 2 resistors 1 resistors 2 Resistors 2 101.01 202.02 50.50 4 102.56 202.02 50.44 6 60.60 202.02 50.46 8 101.01 202.02 50.40 10 101.01 202.02 50.47 Average 93.23 202.02 50.45 Below is resistance calculation narrated; One resister series circuit = Two resisters Series circuit = Two resistors Parallel Circuit Using equation 2, R = (Assuming R1 = R2) 50.45 = R1 R1 +R2 = 100.90 ÃŽ © Experiment 2: Temperature vs. voltage The graph shows a positive correlation between voltage and temperature increase. Figure 12. Voltage vs Temperature Experiment 3: Relay When the switch was turned on LED one turned on and when the switch turned of LED one light gone out and LED two turned on. Experiment 4: Electric motor Fan The electric motor-fun started to spin only when the electric current started to flow. This was controlled by a switch for convenience. Experiment 5: Magnetism The results of electro magnetism were observed in experiment 5. When a single wire was used the compass needles aligned themselves towards the direction of the current flow. In the coiled wire when the compass was placed inside the coiled wire the compass pointed towards the direction of the electric flow. When the compasses was placed outside the solenoid the compasses experiences a great deal of deflection in comparison with the single wired cable. Discussion Experiment 1.1 1.3 circuit Figure 11 demonstrates an increase in voltage resulted on an increase in current. For the circuits with two resistors in parallel and series the graph was showing a positive correlation between the voltage increase and current increase. For the series circuit with one resister there was an anomaly when the voltage was set to 6 volts. The increase in current at 6 volts was too high, and this resulted on the graph being nonlinear. To make assumptions that the circuit obeys Ohmic law the graph should be linear. Possible source of errors; Human error (error when recording figures) Faulty multi-meter being used Faulty resistors or Faulty power supply reading Experiment 2: Temperature vs voltage As illustrated in figure 12, as the voltage increase the temperature across the resistor also increased. The temperature was directly proportional to the voltage increase. Temperature increase was steady for every additional volts applied for up to 6 volts. Temperature increase was doubled then doubled when 8 volts was applied. Some of the factors that can affect the amount of heat loss in a circuit are; Type of material used for wiring or resistor (some material are good conductors and some are very good insulator) Wire diameter (the smaller the diameter the harder for the electrons to move through) Length of wiring Temperature of the material/conductor (lower temperature result in lower resistance and indeed lower heat loss)3 The sharp increase in temperature was due to possible errors; Faulty thermocouple Leaving a particular voltage slightly longer than the another Breathing near the thermocouple (increase in the overall temperature) Experiment 3 Relay Figure 10 demonstrates the relay experiment. Since the relay mechanism was very small to be observed by the naked eyes LED was used to indicate if the electrical flow was switching in between the two circuits every time the switch was hit. TQ team7 States that the total magnetic field in a loop is the sum of its individual loop. Since moving charged particles generate electromagnetic field many charged particles generate a higher magnetic field. Therefore higher resistance in the wire coiling of a relay could cause the relay not being able to attracting a lever. Higher resistance in relays could be caused by rusting or using materials with low conductivity. Experiment 4 Electric motor-fan The power used in the Electric motor-fan was DC current. The current in DC always goes through one direction. The electric-fan began rotating when the current starts to flow. The current flow was switched over, as the polarity of the volt switched over, it was expected the motor start running the opposite direction instead the motor was stopped. The fan was possibly fitted with a device that only allows a one direction flow of current9. A diode was one of the possibilities that the electric motor-fan was fitted by. A diode is a two terminal device, with features of some systematic transfer of electric city character. A diode have a zero resistance to electric flow in one direction and high resistance (100%) resistance in the other direction, therefore electrical current flow only in one direction. Experiment 5 Magnetism As demonstrated from figure 3 and 4 electric current produces magnetic field. The compass used for the single wire deflected and seen aligning itself with the direction of the electric current. By observing the deflection of the compass needle, the North and South Pole of the magnetic field was deducted10. Conclusion The goal of the experiment was to understand the role of electricity in modern technology. Resistance in series and parallel circuits were tried, electromagnetism and its applications explained. The experiments deduction narrated below; With the exception of one anomaly result the circuits in experiment one obeys Ohmic law, therefore a linear graphs. In series circuit the resistance value doubled when another resistor was added. As it can be observed from table 2 resistance values for the parallel with two resistors was almost half the value for the series circuit with one resistor. Parallel circuit resistance was very small when compared with the resistance value in the series circuit with the same number of resistors. The value for the resistors calculated as 93.23 , 101.01 and 100.90 respectively. In experiment two, power dissipation promotes temperature increase . Relay experiment demonstrates the control of more than one circuit by using magnetic field of electric current. Charged moving particles produce a magnetic field Electric motor-fan converts electrical power in to mechanical by the help on a magnet inside the motor. Compasses used to observe the direction of an electric current. The grater the loop the grater the deflection the compass experience. Figure 3 and 4 demonstrates the magnetic field in a single wire and solenoid.

Structure, Language and Characterisation of Conan Doyles Sherlock Holm

The structure language and characterisation of Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes In this essay I am going to analysis and investigate the structure, language and characterisation of the detective fiction genre. Using the Sherlock Holmes stories; which combined strong fictional story lines with ruthless and clever villains; they are regarded as some of the best collection of examples of storybooks. Sherlock Holmes is a literary character, created by Arthur Conan Doyle in four novels and 56 short stories published between 1887 and 1927. The pioneering author of the detective genre was an American writer and poet called Edgar Allan Poe. The first ever story was "Murders in The Rue Morge". This was the first to feature the locked room mystery, which is a critical an inspiring element for the detective genre. It baffles the police and the public but is effortlessly solved with simplicity by the stories hero. Who is intelligent and analytical superior to the law enforcements? This is an additional common tradition in the genre; were the police seem to be deficient in perfection acuteness in Neanderthal ways. Conan Doyle started writing in 1887 with his first story "A Study in Scarlet"; the story introduces Holmes and his companion Dr.Waston. A great majority of these stories involve mystery. The heart of the story concerns the search for clues or evidence. While there is certainly a good variety of plot structures within the Sherlock Holmes), it is safe to say that a majority of the short stories follow the following pattern of motifs fairly closely. Many of these are also found in Poe's Dupin stories. The story begins at 221B Baker Street, the residence of the great detective and his sidekick narrator, ... ... his disguise.the two things that the reader wonders about in "A Case of Identity":isHow could Mary Sutherland be fooled by her stepfather's disguise and why didn't Holmes tell her the truth about Hosmer Angel?. Was Windibank secretly attracted to Mary all along so he just married her? If so, then why didn't he marry her in the first place, instead of her mother? Or is Windibank just a greedy and selfish fool, who concocted what seemed a harmless way to keep Mary and her income at home for a bit longer? In all , the stories written by Conan Doyle are an intelligent fictional series .I some times thought that Doyle would have had to of been an gifted man or of known something about detective work to write such an intricate set of stories. Which show ruthless clever villains and Sherlock Holmes who powers of observation baffle any one who reads into it .

The Role of Women in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay -- Joseph

The Role of Women in Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness Women have taken an increasingly important role in literature. Only recently have authors portrayed women in a dominant, protagonistic light. Sophocles and other classical writers portrayed women more as reactors than heroines. Since the ancient Greeks, however, a trend has been established that gives women characters much more substance and purpose. A definite shift from the antediluvian ways can be seen, and the overall complexity of women characters has increased exponentially. In Conrad?s Heart of Darkness, however, the portrayal of women takes a backwards step and is reverted back to the primitive, more demeaning viewpoint. Conrad employs characters that reflect the archaic perspectives concerning women. The main character, Marlow, generalizes all women and depicts every woman as living in a dream-like state merely ?going through the motions? of life. In his descriptions of the various women characters, Marlow either implies or directly states that women are not mentally equipped to survive in society, and can only function in a dream-like state. He also conveys that it is the responsibility of men to save women and preserve their naà ¯vetà ©. This point of view is reflected often, and stems from his English upbringing and the British society of the day. Marlow speaks utilizing many lewd words and racial slurs. Many of the Victorian ideals still remain within English culture, and this fragility towards women is a prime example of the fragmented set of beliefs. Nevertheless, Marlow views women as mindless pawns, his stance is evident when he goes to speak with the Intended. While speaking with Marlow, the Intended praises Kurtz and speaks of his many goo... ...viewed as mere symbols and not real characters. There are no quoted in the entire story where a woman says something intelligent, meaningful, or important. Conrad only used the women in the story as symbols for his thematic metaphors. The women represented large facets of society or nature, but were not given much personality on individualism. By the end of the story, the reader knows a tremendous amount of information about Marlow and Kurtz, and Conrad?s novel could be called a case study for either of them. No new information is known about the psyche or inter-workings of the women of Heart of Darkness and even though the females in the story represent vast societies, their personal anonymity could leave the reader empty and searching for substance. Bibliography Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness. New York: Dover, 1990.

Segregation in The Color Purple Essay -- The Color Purple Essays

In the film â€Å"The Color Purple†, segregation plays an important role and the differences between black people and white people are shown through race and life. The Color Purple focuses on the lives of several African American women who are faced with abuse, violence, and cruelty. The fim is set in Macon County Georgia and there are two main characters’ Celie and her sister Nettie. Celie is the character the movie is centered around and she is also the film’s narrator. The story is based on Celie’s life and the many different issues along the way that she has encountered such as being raped by her father over and over again, abused by her father and forced into marriage at fourteen to another abusive man (Albert) who didn’t even want to marry her but w...

12 Steps to Recovery Essay

Addiction of any substance is an extremely difficult thing to accept. When we finally realize that We have a problem it is up us to admit it. Once we have accepted that we are addicted we have made the first and most important step to recovery. We learn that once recovery is what we want in our lives there are steps to take these steps is to mean we are ready to completely give yourself to a higher power. This higher power can be anything or anyone we want it to be, whether it be God or someone we can really trust and depend on. There are 12 steps to recovery that will help us stay clean and help us be successful in staying in recovery. This we call the â€Å"12 Step Program. † The first step to recovery is we admit we’re powerless over our addiction and our lives have become unmanageable. This means admitting weeven have an addiction problem. By saying your life has become unmanageable states that we don‘t want to continue living your life the way have been during your addiction. Our addiction has taken over our life, and admitting that we’re an addict helps us take responsibility for our actions instead of blaming others as we did before. The second step is we have come to believe that a power greater than ourselves could restore us to sanity as we knew it. See more:  The Story of an Hour Literary Analysis Essay For most of us our higher power is god. We would give everything to our higher power and ask him for forgiveness. We then would recite the Serenity Prayer to help us. The Serenity Prayer is â€Å"God grant me the serenity to accept the things I cannot change, the courage to change the things I can, and the wisdom to know the difference! † This is a very powerful prayer as I feel today. The third step is that we’ve made the decision to turn our will and our lives over to the care of God as we understand and know him. We allow him to guide us through the recovery process we are going through. He lets us know that we are not alone in this, and we will never be alone again as long as we have him in our lives. The fourth step is making a searching and fearless moral inventory of ourselves. We look inside ourselves to find out what our morals are and to figure out what we believe in. We figure out what we stand for and learn what we think is right and wrong in life. In this step you must become brutally honest with yourself knowing that there’s nothing we can do to change the past. This does not mean you are a bad person but that you have made some bad decisions in our lives, that we as human beings are not perfect. The fifth step is when we have admitted to God, ourselves, and another human being the exact natures of our wrongs we have done during our addiction. Completing this step gets the monkey off your back pursay. More than most people the addict lead a double life. This means we are only showing what we want people to see. Not being honest and showing our true colors. We still continued to lie and expected to be able to stay clean. Through this step we learned that this is not possible in order to stay clean and live a honest life through recovery. Those of us that belong to religious sanctuaries can confide in the proper person of that faith . Others that are not religious may find someone they can confide in such as a doctor or therapist. Someone that we can trust to keep what has been said in confidence. We cannot disclose anything to our family because we are not allowed to say things to them that will make them unhappy. We cannot save our own skins by making someone else unhappy. By doing so our fears come closer and we begin to realize that our life is opening up and showing what our life was really about . This is the scariest thing we will do. And the hardest step to complete out of all 12 of them. The sixth step is when we ask God to remove these defects of character. Which in turn means we surrender our whole self to God? When we are ready, we say to him something like this: â€Å"My Creator, I am now willing that you should have all of me, good and bad. I pray that you now remove from me every single defect of character which stands in the way of my usefulness to you and my fellows. Grant me strength, as I go out from here, to do your bidding. Amen† The seventh step we become willing to ask God to help us to remove all of our shortcomings. This is not a long step and like I said previously it’s not one of the hardest steps to do during recovery.

The fashion industry should not feel obligated

The fashion industry should not feel obligated to use plus sized models in their campaigns. Do you agree? BY sashays The fashion industry should not feel obligated to use plus sized models in their Women these days are constantly bombarded with advertisements and campaigns telling them what they should wear, what they should eat and how they should portray themselves. It has become a race to try and achieve a size zero look because women feel as if it has become the new norm. That is why, I believe the fashion industry should be obliged to use plus size model. A plus size model is a model who is a US size 8 or above.Even though these models are described in the â€Å"plus† category, making them appear to be an outcast, what is ironic is that the majority of women will fit into this category. Therefore, I agree that fashion industry should be obligated to use plus size models. There are three reasons why: firstly, to stop increasing the social pressure on first world women to h ave the ideal body image; secondly; prevent psychological effect on women in trying to maintain an ideal body image; thirdly, the potential increase in business. To begin with, the expectation for women to mirror the body image of a model has come omnipresent.You find them in fashion magazines, TV shows, fitness programs and even Barbie Dolls. Women, especially teenagers look at these icons as role models and have been manipulated by society into thinking they must look a certain way and weight a certain amount to fit in. It is the fashion industries to blame for this, because by using impossibly thin models in almost every campaign it is putting pressure on women to look perfect. However, women cannot attain these perfect bodies because not only have the images been altered but are unnatural and simply unachievable.Due to this, women now days are lacking confidence as they feel self-conscious about their body. In a recent survey done by the National Institute on Media and the Famil y in Washington, it was found that 40% of girls from ages 9-10 are dissatisfied with their weight. This suggests that the distressing and impairing body image concern seems to be becoming more prevalent at a younger and younger age. Furthermore, according to CDC, 20% of the teenage girls' suicide cases in USA are due to bullying about someone's weight. This clearly highlights the negative effect y Just using skinny models is having.The society has become superficial as it measures beauty in size. It is crucial that fashion industries are forced to use plus size model in order to change society's view of beauty. It is not right to put pressure on women to distort their healthy bodies too feel accepted. In addition, not having plus sized models in campaigns causes women to suffer from harmful effects as they try to replicate images of a zero size model. In a recent survey, it was found there are up to seventy million individuals worldwide who have an eating disorder, and of hem 90% ar e women between the ages of twelve and twenty-five (US Mental Health Administration).Some women have become so desperate to lose weight that they turned to starvation developing bulimia and anorexia. However, it is not the skinny models to blame for this, because they also suffer from these conditions. Even models feel pressurized to stay skinny and many models starve for days before a runway until they can barely keep their eyes open. Kristin Clement, former Vogue editor revealed that some models had turned to dangerous methods such as eating tissue. Yes, tissues. Models eat this dehydrated, bleached paper in order to become â€Å"Paris thin†.If this is not stopped it will not be long until all women struggling with weight loss will try this to. Have we become this inhuman that being skinny is more important than life? Hence, I believe it is vital for fashion industries to use plus size models to promote more healthy living and prevent unnecessary deaths. Finally, by using p lus sized models there would be an increase in business. The average plus size model ranges from size 8-14, they are not fat, they are healthy. A study done Warwick Business found that adverts and campaigns which predominantly feature skinny models are more likely to discourage sales.H have currently begun using plus size models for their swim suit campaigns. CEO Karl – John Person said he feels â€Å"irresponsible with the type of female body image being portrayed† and now is committed to market and encourage diverse body types. This has begun to influence many more women to feel confident about their body. According to the Business Insider, those who are labeled as plus size account for 67% of the apparel arching population, bringing in retail revenue of nearly $16 billion Just in US every year.This indicates clothes for plus sizes have become very important in the market. Furthermore, many stores have begun using plus size mannequins. By displaying larger mannequins , not only do women see how the clothes would fit their shape but they would also feel more confident due to the increase in publication of the plus size within the fashion industry. Hence are likely to purchase more. Therefore, I believe there fashion industries should use plus size models because here are many positive outcomes.However, some people may argue that many people are naturally really thin, but only 5% (SCUD) of the women have the skinny model body, the majority of the other 95% will resort to unhealthy living conditions. You may also argue that it's a models Job to look extremely skinny, however would you let your daughters risk their well-being for a moment of fame? Does that really make it okay? Even though plus size models have made a massive stride in obtaining respect in a business that demands skinny; resulting in more full figured women to race the high fashion magazine covers and to walk the main stream fashion shows.The portrayal that thinner is better is stil l deeply engraved in society. This is putting pressure on women to be someone they are not and resulting in harsh life threatening disease such as anorexia. There are countless advantages on having plus size models in the industries from benefits in business to benefits in well-being. Therefore, we need to do something to change the craving for the unrealistic body image. Plus size models do not promote obesity, they reflect reality.

Gcse Isa Chemistry Calorimetry

Hypothesis: I believe that alcoholic compounds with bigger relative formula mass will release more energy in combustion reaction than the less alcoholic hydrocarbons compounds. Equipment: Different types of alcohols in spirit burner (CH4, C2H6, C3H8, C4H10, C5H12), Thermometer, water, beaker, scale, measuring cylinder, tripods, clamp, gauze, heat mat, lighter or matches. Hazard: Most of alcohol we using are flammable, irritant, toxic and harmful. 1 provide spirit burners which have removable glass caps, this makes it easier and safer to extinguish the flames.   Make sure the wick fits tightly in the wick holder and that the wick holder fits tightly in the burner. 3 Fill and label spirit burners or dropper bottles with alcohols in advance of the experiment. Read this Practice Test Chem 105 Ensure any excess alcohol is wiped off the side of the burners. 5 careful considerations must be given on igniting the alcohols. The spirit burners must be kept upright when lighting. Do not tip onto the side. 6 make sure the alcohols are kept away from any source of heat. don't burn your self by touching any flames or hot water Method: 1- Fit the beaker inside the tripod, fill the beaker with 100ml of water after measuring it by the cylinder,  and take the initial temperature of water by using thermometer, 2- Measure the mass of the  first burner spirit (Methanol)  and record it, Put the spirit burner on the heat-mat under the beaker and ignite it 3- Keep stirring the water, when the temperature reach 50? C  turn off the flame. 4- Reweigh the burner and workout the difference. – Repeat the same steps 3 times and take the average of the alcohol used in burning. 6- Apply the same steps above with the all-different types of alcohol remaining to test (Ethanol, Propanol, B utanol, Pentanol) 7- Finally you need to work out the  energy released from each alcohol by applying this calculation    q = (specific heat capacity of water 4. 2) x mass of water(g) x ? t change in temperature(? C) Then divide the answer by the used alcohol to find out the released energy kJ/g Table: Energy transferred for alcoholAlcohol name| Test 1 (g)| Test 2 (g)| Test 3 (g)| Average (g) | Transferred energy (kJ/g)| Methane| | | | | | Ethane| | | | | | Propane| | | | | | Butane| | | | | | Pentane| | | | | | Make it fair test? The answer is the same as the control variables * Volume of water (100ml). * Temperature rise to 50? C. * Same starting temperature of the water. * Always weigh the alcohol burner without the lid. Independent variables: the type of alcohol Dependent variables: transferred energy from the combustion.

Health and Behavioral Consequences of Binge Drinking in College Essay

Objective — To examine the extent of binge drinking by college students and the ensuing health and behavioral problems that binge drinkers create for themselves and others on their campus. Design — Self-administered survey mailed to a national representative sample of US 4-year college students. Setting — One hundred forty US 4-year colleges in 1993. Participants — A total of 17,592 college students. Main Outcome Measures — Self-reports of drinking behaviour, alcohol-related health problems, and other problems. Results — Almost half (44%) of college students responding to the survey were binge drinkers, including almost one fifth (19%) of the studenst who were frequent binge drinkers. Frequent binge drinkers are more likely to experience seious health and other consequences of their drinking behaviour than other students. Almost half (47%) of the frequent binge drinkers experienced five or more different drinking related problems, including injuries and engaging in unplanned sex, since the beginning of the school year. Most binge drinkers do not consider themselves to be problem drinkers and have not sought treatment for an alcohol problem. Binge drinkers create problems for classmates who are not binge drinkers. Students who are not binge drinkers at schools with higher binge rates were more liekly than students at schools with lower binge rates to experience problems such as being pushed, hit, or assualted or experiencing an unwanted sexual advance. Conclusions — Binge drinking is widespread on college campuses. Programs aimed at reducing this problem should focus on frequent binge drinkers, refer them to treatment or educational programs, and emphasize the harm they cause for students who are not binge drinkers

Personal Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 9

Personal Statement - Essay Example My purpose in life has been clarified when I began a battle in behalf of my little sister. She needed a cochlear implant but was refused medical treatment. I used my law background to my advantage as I fought with the Primary Care Trust for two years. I enjoined people in my fight for children’s right to good health and access to medical procedures should they need it. I was successful in soliciting help from Law Lords, baronesses MPs support groups to petition for my sister’s case. My persistence and determination paid off when PCT and NICE finally agreed to provide the medical operation my sister needed. She became a precedent and policies were adjusted to fund children under 18 years for a cochlear implant in my residential area. I was thankful for my legal research skills in helping me investigate legislation regarding children’s rights in the NHS as it won me the case against the PCT and NICE. What is more fulfilling is that my action was responsible in paving the way for more and more children in my area to gain access to the medical procedures they direly needed. Such an achievement inspired me to do more with my life in terms of ensuring the health and safety of people. This desire was further strengthened when I went on a trip to Bangladesh to encounter a grief-stricken woman whose young children died of Malaria. I realized that it could have been prevented with proper education on the disease. Lacking the knowledge and understanding of various preventable diseases myself, I felt devastated that I was unable to help. It became clear to me that my life’s purpose is to prevent disease, prolong life and promote good health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals. I am aware that I have the potentials to be successful in this since I have had first hand

I will tell you later Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

I will tell you later - Essay Example America demanded for a response after endorsing presence of authoritarian governments with the purpose of assuring stability. However, there was change in the 1970’s and 1980’s as famous movements that were demanding change became very frequent2. As these movements acquire much momentum, the United States was unable to ascertain political and economical stability, which was very necessary by then. In addition, in 1980, the foreign policy used by the US was amended to a democracy promotion. The global economy continued gaining more relevance, and it was during this moment that a new elite sprout on Capitalist strength3. This was in 1980 prior to the finish of Cold war. This was very significant because America it illustrates that America majored in globalization of political and economic features prior to the end of the bi-polar hegemonic system. On the other hand, Sen argues that Globalization does not entirely reflect westernization. According to Sen, globalization is neither new, nor westernized; however, the benefits are justifiable4. Therefore, these two authors points out that we should look at the perspectives of globalization in the sense that, it is something that has been existing and it is not about transformation5 . Based on the readings, Globalization involves sharing goods and services or rather continuity of goods, concepts and authority among many nations, which leads to dependence and interconnection. In this case, globalization becomes a positive factor for change. This is because of improved technology; also, the entire world in under control and it is also empowered through global transactions. I tend to believe that globalization becomes a negative aspect because, firstly, the diffusion of both the traditions and cultures. These factors are fading day in day out. However, this is a temporal way because

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Anterior Cruciate Ligament - Essay Example The tearing of the ACL usually occurs due to a sudden direction change, or when a deceleration force crosses the knee. "The patient often feels or hears a popping sensation, has the rapid onset of swelling, and develops a buckling sensation in the knee when attempting to change direction." (The Center for Orthopaedics & Sports Medicine, 2003).In order to properly diagnose an ACL injury, there must be a thorough examination, which would include: determining the mechanism of injury, examining the knee, determining the presence or absence of blood within the joint, and performing diagnostic studies. Once a tear of the ACL has been confirmed through clinical evaluation and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), the unstable knee can now be repaired. "This is only possible if the ACL is of good quality and if the ligament can be passed posterior to the PCL, both of which are determined in surgeryacutely (recently) torn ligaments are typically of better quality and therefore have a greater chan ce of being repaired as opposed to the chronically torn ligaments." (Stone, Walgenbach, and Mullin, n.d.).There are many methods which are used to reconstruct an ACL, the most common one of which in the past some have referred to as the 'Gold Standard'.

Significance of Social Factor that Shapes National Business Essay

Significance of Social Factor that Shapes National Business - Essay Example As highlighted by Grimwade (2000), this trade has thrived over the years owing to a number of advantages it has offered various nations across the world. These advantages have significantly benefited a number of UK business organizations. One of the most significant benefits of international trade to UK business organizations is in terms broadening its horizon and markets (EconomyWatch, 2010). If a business organization in the UK was to only sell their goods or services locally without pushing their goods or services to consumers in other nations, the UK would be completely limiting the potential of such business organizations. Such business organizations may more often than not be assured of a steady trade from their UK consumers, but they may not grow to their full capacity if they were trading with seven other nations, for instance. International trade is important to the UK business organizations as it helps the organizations in terms of increasing customer figures and sales. A s ignificant example of a business organization in the UK that has benefited from international trade in terms of broadening its horizon and markets is Marks & Spencer. As a company within the retailing industry, Marks & Spencer has about 155 stores managed under franchise in 28 regions globally due to growth in international trade (Marks & Spencer Company Website, 2012). ... to open themselves up to lowered/reduced production costs, for instance, a business organization in the manufacturing televisions UK may find out that its products could be produced at a substantially less cost in a factory in Japan. This not only helps the business organization save money, but also helps the consumers as the televisions can be sold to them at a cheaper cost. Tesco, a UK supermarket brand and a firm within the retailing industry forms a good example of a company that has benefited from international business. The supermarket opened up about 18 franchise stores outside the UK and has seen it and the franchisees share the cost of opening the stores as well as the subsequent profits, as a result benefiting from reduced cost (Fletcher, 2010). Another significant benefit the UK business organizations accrue from international business is in terms of raw materials (EconomyWatch, 2010). If it was not for international trade, the UK wouldn’t have been able to acquire or get its hand on raw materials needed to make a number of products especially within the food industry. As a colder nation, the UK depends on hotter nations for fruits such as mangoes, and the hotter nations depend on the UK for items such as potatoes. Therefore, without international business/economic integration of trade, the UK business organizations would have had a very scarce choice in terms of raw materials for production. Marks & Spencer as a small user of palm oil relies on palm oil imported from other countries, a benefit it has accrued as a result of expansion in international trade (Marks & Spencer Company Website, 2012). Another significant benefit accrued as a result of the expansion of international trade by the UK business organizations has been in terms of increased global

Employment Law--Whitakers Fine Wines Limited Essay

Employment Law--Whitakers Fine Wines Limited - Essay Example Some of these mistakes include are discussed herein. Principle and application of law relating to Adam’s employment At the time of his inclusion into the firm, Adam had his job specifically spelled out for him. His job entailed overseeing general sales as a manager. This he has done effectively and is yielding positive returns. According to the Employment Rights Act 1996, before taking up a job, one is normally briefed on his or her scope of operation which to Adam was the state of Surrey. When the sales manager for the Hampshire area eventually falls sick and is not therefore able to respond to his official duties, the company must find a replacement as soon as possible and ensure that the interests of the company are upheld. Some of the known ways of filling such vacancies have been through appointing an assistant to the victim to take over his position or to request assistance from another employee of equal rank. The firm opted for the later but failed to realise that in su ch a circumstance, the solicited services are offered on an interim basis which should not always last more than three weeks (Kidner, 2013). When Collins fails to return to work by the third month, the firm ought to have found a permanent solution to his truancy (United Bank Ltd v. Akhtar [1989] IRLR 507). Adam, being a dedicated employee, does both the tasks diligently despite the fact that he is overwhelmed. When he can bear the strain no longer, he lodges a formal complaint with his bosses. This was a formal and an expected way of handling such issues. His bosses assure him that they will look into the matter and find an amicable solution sooner; this assurance however, is given verbally by an immediate boss. This, according to the Equality Act 2010, is a clear show that the firm treats its employees with a lot of negligence. An employee communicates officially with his employers over very pertinent issues of production and the best the firm does is to device mechanisms of avoidi ng claims by merely failing to respond to the letters sent to them and the responsible officer is left to give an unbinding verbal communication in response. Adam eventually develops a life threatening condition from his employment. Given the nature of the disease, it is clear that he developed it out of the frustrations he experienced out of his work place. In case of a court case, it will be very difficult to exonerate the firm since it is clear that the firm bears all the claims. After admitting responsibility of the above faults, the firm should send a formal invitation to Adam expressing regret in the maltreatment he underwent and offer him an opportunity for talks. The receipt of this letter may prompt Adam to take the case to court since it will be evidence of the laxity shown to him by his employers and an admission of culpability. Conclusion The company has shown a lot of laxity in handling its employees. Issues affecting employees is not amicably looked into and the level of negligence specifically shown to Adam’s case is unacceptable. The company risks facing serious industrial actions should the case be filed in a court of law. The firm must therefore carry out very prudent restructuring strategies to try and convince its employees that in deed it holds their interests at heart and avert any legal tussle. On Adam’s case, a great deal of mistake has taken place, the

Social economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Social economics - Essay Example Improving the social being is one of the prime concerns of the governments and devotes a lot of interest to achieve economic prosperity. But economic prosperity may not bring improved social well being for all as well being is not directly related to income. The aspects of social capital can act to reduce transaction costs and also encourage behavior and trust. The different sources within the community can be thought of as the origination of social capital. Social capital can operate and emerge in families and educational institutions and also in business and local community. Social capital can have both positive and negative impacts on the society. On the one hand it creates social division and on the other leads to social and economic well being at least for some sections of the society. There are mainly five mechanisms by which social capital can affect the outcomes. A distinction can be made between the formal and informal forms of social capital. Formal social capital refers to patterns of behavior, exchange norms, networks which are formally defined. The networks operating outside this formal system refer to informal social capital. The usefulness of this distinction lies in illustrating the problems arising in operations of social capital. The first kind of social capital can be found in the extent of civil society while the second form can be difficult to find as it requires household surveys. At the national level poverty refers to a country’s lack of resources necessary towards education, health and infrastructure. This may give rise to political unrest. In the developed countries poverty is one of the social problems. Poverty alleviation has been one of the guiding principles for most of the governments. The role of economic growth and development in creating employment avenues has clearly been recognized. Some specific sectors have been chosen by most administrations and growth oriented approach has been undertaken.

Evaluate the application of revenue management practice in the hotel Essay

Evaluate the application of revenue management practice in the hotel industry and discuss its impact on customers in the hotel industry; - Essay Example dification in the general handling of revenue management, inventory allocation, pricing strategy, use of information and channel management as concerns to revenue management tend to redefine the field. Similarly to how detailed past analysis might have a representation of the best pricing practice during the 1990s, apparently, the stock market-impacted algorithms exist in the cutting edge of modern pricing thought. Comparably, the highlighting on occupancy or average day to day rate, which might have dominion over revenue managers’ outlook over two decades ago has led to the dominance of revenue per available room i.e. RevPAR. Instances like this abound hence this article will endeavor to share all of the revenue management expertise with readers, in a series examining the modern revenue management’s best practices (Kimberley, Trevor & Juston 2008, p.12). Pricing tends to a feature of revenue management, which features a number of intriguing, as well as innovative developments recently. Whereas pricing has continues to be a significant driver having an effect on both occupancy, along with RevPAR, in the present environment surrounded by exceptional price transparency, rates have taken an even bigger role. Ascertaining the optimal rate to give to a potential customer tends to be one of the most significant concepts of revenue management. The basic fact that the appropriate rate- one that achieves the balance between replicating enough demand in maximizing occupancy, while at the same time, not deserting money on the table within the form of low down ADR turns out to be the key to a profitable revenue management strategy causing pricing perhaps the most significant concept of revenue management. Then how is a hotel capable of determining what the best rate has to be any time? In the past, this would center on historical analysis, while , at the same time, computed by the application of a discount to a fixed rack rate. In this case, there is no achievement of

Social studies carried Essay Example for Free

Social studies carried Essay I will now write about two social studies carried out to investigate how people obey to authority and what affects this. Firstly I will explain an experiment carried out by Milgram.  He placed a newspaper advertisement offering $4.50 for an hours work, in response to this an individual turns up to take part in a Psychology experiment investigating memory and learning. He is introduced to a stern looking experimenter in a white coat and a rather pleasant and friendly co-subject. The experimenter explains that the experiment will look into the role of punishment in learning, and that one will be the teacher and one will be the learner. Lots are drawn to determine roles, and it is decided that the individual who answered the ad will become the teacher. (The drawing of lots was rigged, so that the actor would always end up as the learner.) Your co-subject is taken to a room where he is strapped in a chair to prevent movement and an electrode is placed on his arm. Next, the teacher is taken to an adjoining room which contains a generator. The teacher is instructed to read a list of two word pairs and ask the learner to read them back. If the learner gets the answer correct, then they move on to the next word. If the answer is incorrect, the teacher is supposed to shock the learner starting at 15 volts. The generator has 30 switches in 15 volt augmentations; each is labelled with a voltage ranging from 15 up to 450 volts. Each switch also has a rating, ranging from slight shock to danger: severe shock. The final two switches are labelled XXX. The teacher automatically is supposed to increase the shock each time the learner misses a word in the list. Although the teacher thought that he/she was administering shocks to the learner, the learner is actually a student or an actor who is never actually harmed. It was found that at times, the worried teachers questioned the experimenter, asking who was responsible for any harmful effects resulting from shocking the learner at such a high level. Upon receiving the answer that the experimenter assumed full responsibility, teachers seemed to accept the response and continue shocking, even though some were obviously extremely uncomfortable in doing so. The theory that only the most ghastly monsters on the merciless fringe of society would submit to such cruelty is disclaimed. Findings show that, two-thirds of this studies participants fall into the category of obedient subjects, and that they represent ordinary people drawn from the working, managerial, and professional classes (Obedience to Authority). Ultimately 65% of all of the teachers punished the learners to the maximum 450 volts. No subject stopped before reaching 300 volts. Here I have included an image of how the experiment was laid out: Milgram also conducted several follow-up experiments to determine what might change the likelihood of maximum shock delivery. In one condition, the touch-proximity condition, the teacher was required to hold the hand of the learner on a shock plate in order to give him shocks above 150 volts. The most interesting finding from this follow-up experiment is that 32% of the subjects in the proximity-touch condition held the hand of the learner on the shock plate while administering shocks in excess of 400 volts. Further experiments showed that teachers were less obedient when the experimenter communicated with them via the telephone versus in person, and males were just as likely to be obedient as females, although females tended to be more nervous. There was another main study carried out to analyze obedience in a real life scenario, this was done in a hospital with nurses. It was conducted in the following way the study was set in a psychiatric hospital in the America. The participants were 22 nurses on night duty. An unknown doctor, who was a confederate, telephoned the hospital and spoke to a nurse. He instructed them to give medication to a patient. The medication was a drug with a maximum dosage of 10Mg (which was shown on the label of the bottle). The doctor instructed the nurse to give a dosage of 20Mg to the patient and said that he would sign the relevant authorisation papers when he arrived in the hospital in 10 minutes time. It was hospital rules to not take these kinds of orders on the telephone. This was done with each of the 22 nurses. The result was that 21/22 of the nurses obeyed the telephone instruction and began to prepare the medication before they were stopped and the situation was explained to them.

Rights of Children Essay Example for Free

Rights of Children Essay Childrens rights are defined in numerous ways, including a wide spectrum of civil, cultural, economic, social and political rights. Rights tend to be of two general types: those advocating for children as autonomous persons under the law and those placing a claim on society for protection from harms perpetrated on children because of their dependency. These have been labeled as the right of empowerment and as the right to protection. One Canadian organization categorizes childrens rights into three categories: Provision: Children have the right to an adequate standard of living, health care, education and services, and to play and recreation. These include a balanced diet, a warm bed to sleep in, and access to schooling. Protection: Children have the right to protection from abuse, neglect, exploitation and discrimination. This includes the right to safe places for children to play; constructive child rearing behavior, and acknowledgment of the evolving capacities of children. Participation: Children have the right to participate in communities and have programs and services for themselves. This includes childrens involvement in libraries and community programs, youth voice activities, and involving children as decision-makers. [15][16] In a similar fashion, the Child Rights Information Network, or CRIN for short, categorizes rights into two groups:[17][18] Economic, social and cultural rights, related to the conditions necessary to meet basic human needs such as food, shelter, education, health care, and gainful employment. Included are rights to education, adequate housing, food, water, the highest attainable standard of health, the right to work and rights at work, as well as the cultural rights of minorities and indigenous peoples. Environmental, cultural and developmental rights, which are sometimes called third generation rights, and including the right to live in safe and healthy environments and that groups of people have the right to cultural, political, and economic development. Amnesty International openly advocates four particular childrens rights, including the end to juvenile incarceration without parole, an end to the recruitment of military use of children, ending the death penalty for people under 21, and raising awareness of human rights in the classroom. [1] Human Rights Watch, an international advocacy organization, includes child labor, juvenile justice, orphans and abandoned children, refugees, street children and corporal punishment. [19] Scholarly study generally focuses childrens rights by identifying individual rights.

The Design Of Multi Level Car Parks Tourism Essay

The Design Of Multi Level Car Parks Tourism Essay Car sales, close to 8 lakh units a year, are growing at an average rate of 10 per cent while two-wheeler sales at 5 million are expected to grow 14-15 per cent. In order to accommodate the large volume of vehicles, small cities and towns must develop their infrastructure roads, flyovers, car parks and other facilities. Otherwise their arteries are most likely to get clogged like they do in big and mini metros.   One solution may be a multi-level car parking system to maximise car parking capacity by utilising vertical space, rather than expand horizontally. Although at a nascent stage in India, it is one of the options to decongest roads and solve parking problems.   However, with land in metros and A grade cities becoming scarce and dearer, and plots getting smaller, conventional parking is proving infeasible. Sometimes soil conditions rule out excavation for multiple basements, or multiple RCC parking slabs take total building height beyond permissible limits. Sometimes it is found that the ramp or car lifts eat up much parking area that no increase in parking capacity is possible. In such case, mechanised car parking systems make creation of extra parking capacity feasible. So far three types of mechanised car parking systems puzzle, tower and mini have been operating in India. In each of these, the car is always parked or retrieved at one level only, and the stationary vehicle is carried to different levels in steel pallets.   The number of vehicles in metros is approaching one million mark. Mumbai has over 13 lakh vehicles, and up to 200 are added everyday. Suburbia Mall, Kalptaru Builders, and Evershine Builders in Mumbai are equipped with multi-level car parking system. Even towns like Chittorgarh and Jaipur are interested in multi-level car parking (also called elevated car parking system).   The puzzle system is configurable and module capacity can vary. For instance, car parking space meant for two cars can accommodate three cars. The optimum capacity of the tower type system is 50 meant for three. Fully automatic systems generally cater to higher capacities per unit. Since conventional multi-level car parks have a clear height of 9 ft. to 10 ft. above each level, they can accommodate Small Utility Vehicles also.   The mechanised system does not cater to these. It is possible to customise systems to accommodate SUVs, but it has not been done so far. Any decent capacity parking plan invariably has ground parking slots (where no mechanized system can fit), and these usually suffice for the proportion of SUVs, says Rajeev Goel, CEO, Kinetic Escalator Elevator Ltd. Depending on the type of system and order size, the mechanised parking systems installed by Kinetic cost from Rs 2 to 3.5 lakh per car. A semi-mechanised (valet parking) option is also available per car cost under one lakh. Depending on the type, its configuration and position of the pallet, it takes half to two-and-half minutes from the press of a button to an approaching car to the drive way level to park a car on it or drive away the car parked on it.   Parking charges depend on what the user is wiling to pay, and whether he has an option to park nearby without paying. A parking slot may be permanently allotted/sold/leased to the built-up area buyer/lessee. Where an owner can charge parking fees by the hour, the fee depends on demand and supply of parking space, not on the parking system. It can vary from Rs 2 a day to Rs 25 an hour.   Many state governments and civic bodies, and some Central government departments are aware of these systems and are expected to give them push. Some civic bodies have liberalised bylaws to enable builders to maximise parking capacity in their projects. Some civic bodies have also floated BoT or like tenders inviting private investment in maximising public parking capacity, according to Goel. The government shouldnt allow parking on roads, states Shree Gopal Kabra, President, Ram Ratna Group.   Goel is quite confident that the demand for car parks is an integral part of a residential or commercial complex, rather than an independent commercial venture. However, it may take years before parking fees in India reach a level at which the investment in these systems and their maintenance cost can be recovered from parking fees alone. Kabra says that a multi-level car parking system will be a success in commercial layouts. One has to club towers with ad revenues or with some other alternatives like commercial activities so that the revenue keeps flowing to the owners who implement car parking systems. Design Image of the inside of a multi-storey car park Movement of vehicles between floors can be effected by: interior ramps the most common type exterior ramps which may take the form of a circular ramp (colloquially known as a whirley-gig in America) vehicle lifts the least common In locations where the car park is built on sloping land, the car park may be split-level. Many car parks are independent buildings that are dedicated exclusively to that use. The design loads for car parks are often less than the office building they serve (50 psf versus 80 psf), leading to long floor spans of 55-60 feet that permit cars to park in rows without supporting columns in between. The most common structural systems in the United States for these structures are either prestressed concrete concrete double tee floor systems or post-tensioned cast-in-place concrete floor systems. In recent times, car parks built to serve residential and some business properties are built as part of a larger building, and often are built underground as part of the basement. Motorcycle parking inside a multi-storey car park Car parks which serve shopping centres can sometimes be built adjacent to the shopping centre so as to effect easier access at each floor between shops and parking. One example is the Mall of America in Bloomington, Minnesota, USA, which has two large car parks attached to the building at the eastern and western ends of the mall. Another common position for car parks within shopping centres in the UK is on the roof, around the various utility systems, enabling customers to take lifts straight down into the centre. Examples of such are The Oracle in Reading and Festival Place in Basingstoke. Automated parking Automatic multi-storey car parks provide lower building cost per parking slot, as they typically require less building volume and less ground area than a conventional facility with the same capacity. However, the cost of the mechanical equipment within the building that is needed to transport cars internally needs to be added to the lower building cost to determine the total costs. Other costs are usually lower too, for example there is no need for an energy intensive ventilating system, since cars are not driven inside and human cashiers or security personnel may not be needed. Automated car parks rely on similar technology that is used for mechanical handling and document retrieval. The driver leaves the car in an entrance module. It is then transported to a parking slot by a robot trolley. For the driver, the process of parking is reduced to leaving the car inside an entrance module. At peak periods a wait may be involved before entering or leaving. The wait is due to the fact that loading passengers and luggage occurs at the entrance and exit location rather than at the parked stall. This loading blocks the entrance or exit from being available to others. Whether the retrieval of vehicles is faster in an automatic car park or a self park car park depends on the layout and number of exits. Advantages: The advantages of this can be seen immediately: there is no room to build conventional multi-storey car parks above ground in the areas they are required, and under-street parking is actually more cost effective than other schemes on a per parking space basis. In addition, an automatic system brings significant savings in engineering because elevators, ramps, stairways, lighting and ventilation do not need to be provided to the same extent. The construction, however, also means the transfer of sewer, storm drains and water services from beneath the centre of the road to conduits at the side of the roads. PARKING PROCESS Cars (maximum dimension 5.25m long, 2.2m wide and 1.7m high) must be driven to one of four receiving stations (marked A to D), the entry to which is actuated by a control device which responds to a transponder chip held in the car by the user. On gaining entry the driver proceeds to correctly position / park the car on a transfer ramp and then locks and leaves the vehicle. A combination of laser scanners and light barriers will then examine the car for its positioning and dimensions. The elevator ramp is then actuated and the car is raised to its parking level and stored (cars are parked side by side). In July 2007 the Wà ¶hr Multiparker 740 equipped garage was given the ADAC Award (German Automobile Association) for the best use of space, security and reliability. On returning, the driver comes to the same transfer station (they may pay by credit card at an automated paying station) and the car will be retrieved from its storage level according to the transponder chip still held by the driver. The car is retrieved on its transfer pallet and the driver simply drives away through automated exit gates. The pallet has a lighting system which illuminates the area for two minutes while the driver gets into the car. Customer help is available via an intercom system 24 hours per day in case of breakdowns or unforeseen problems. If a car is not retrieved for its owner within two hours then the owner receives compensation from the parking operator. PROJECT 1: TECHNOLOGY TYPE SIMPARK (Completed in November, 2001) CALCUTTA, INDIA We make Calcuttans proud by introducing the Worlds First Fully Automatic Mechanized Public Multi-Level Car Parking System on a Curve, at the intersection of Park Street-Rawdon Street crossing, in a Joint Venture with the Kolkata Municipal Corporation. The ground plus two-storied computer based system, accommodates upto three times more than conventional parking. The system at Rawdon Street has been constructed to provide car-parking facility for around 210 cars on a ground area of 1260 Sq. Mtrs. Each row can individually hold on average 73 numbers of cars. The system is operated from both the ends of the structure. Each lift lobby having its own individually control panel and ticketing system. However, one can park and retrieve his/ her car from either end and vice versa. A steel pallet is designated for every car slot in the system. Whenever a car needs to be parked, the ticketing button is pressed and the entrance gate opens only after a pallet has been delivered. The driver parks his car on the pallet, engages a gear, locks his car (optional as nobody can go inside the system and your car is safe as in a vault), and walks out of the system. The tickets to the system is a simple the magnetic strip cards, which the ticket attendant swipes. From herein onwards, the computer takes over. One must remember not to lose the magnetic card as it contains information on the parked vehicle. Technologies : Simpark The beauty of this Parking system is inherent in its intrinsic simplicity. It is a modular Lego like system and therefore can be adapted to fit any size or shape of plot. Each grid has an independent lift and each floor or array of cars has its independent carrier. For every car to be parked in the system, there is a steel pallet designated when a car is to be parked, on a button being punched the entrance gate opens. The driver parks his car on the pallet, engages a gear, locks his car (optional), and walks out of the system. From herein onwards, the computer takes over. Uniquely designed lift, enables carriers to pass through lift shaft, when lift is not in the specific floor. More than one lift can be placed in each row at either end, or in the middle as required. THE PARKING PROCEDURE The PLC system computer decides, which floor, which and slot the pallet with the car is to be placed is to be parked on. Accordingly, the pallet with the car placed on it is taken up with the help of the vertical elevator system to the desired floor. The next step is that on reaching the particular floor the carrier system picking up picks up the pallet along with the car, and moving it horizontally along the structure over the other vehicles to the place assigned by the computerit slowly lowers it into the slot assigned by the system. It should be made quite clear here, that the height of each floor, is a little more than twodouble the cars height, so that the carrier transports the car above the already parked cars. Retrieval of parked cars is precisely the same operation, but in the reverse order. When the driver comes to collect his car, he gives the ticket/magnetic card, which was given to him on parking. The card is swiped and; automatically the bill for parking is generated for payment. Simultaneously the computer has issued the order for retrieval. Carrier picks up the relevant pallet, transports it over other cars and places it on the elevator. The elevator brings down the pallet. On retrieval retrieval, through a turntable, the pallet takes a turn and keeps the car is in a drive-out position. The Main gates opens automatically, driver walks in and drives out in his carfor the driver to drive out his car. The Gate close automatically and the system is on standby for the next requests. The entire system can operate, with just one ticket attendant in each lobby. In case of the remote eventuality of any problem, the same shall be reflected immediately in the master computer in the control room and the fault rectified within minutes. SERVICES OFFERED 1. Night parking. 2. Multiple Entry and Exit facilities. 3. Provision for long term booking of parking slots. 4. ATM and Vending Machine. 5. Public Call Booth. 6. Front / Backlit show windows for corporate and product advertising CONSTRUCTION DETAILS We have used RCC grid of Concrete Column and Beam only for the parking tower. There are no slabs for the parking tower. Top Roof is done with coated G.I. Sheets simply supported by Crush Structures. The structure has been designed for required dead load lift load as per I.S. Standard. Necessary construction instructions as per I.S. Construction have been provided. Elevators have been placed at both the end of the structures. The Control Panel with P.L.Cs will control the movement of the elevator and Electronic devices. Fire fighting with sprinklers system has been provided. The fire fighting system has been divided into various zones. Wet risers have also been provided. Other details have been met as per fire laws and by-laws. Round the clock, security cameras have been provided for recording the vehicles entering and exiting the system. These security cameras would also be utilized for recording the movement of people in the entire compound. Managing of a Multilevel Parking Lot using IPv6 Problem with multilevel parking lot now To find a parking space in a crowded multilevel parking facility now, the driver must be lurking around while driving. Even if not speeding, this is very dangerous. The possibility that a accident resulting in injury or death could happen is very high here. To solve this problem If a parking space at a multilevel parking lot can be found without the driver lurking around, the number of accidents can be decreased. So, I thought of attaching each curb at the parking space with a sensor using IPv6. And the open space can be checked at the entrance of the parking lot, and reach there without the driver lurking around. How to use IPv6 1) Each curb at the parking space is attached with a sensor by IPv6. First, each curb is attached with a sensor so the position and floor of the place open can be known. 2) The open space can be known by the screen placed at the entrance of the parking lot, using a sensor. Another problem If a car ahead of you parks at the place you were think of parking, this system will be useless. To solve this problem When deciding where to park at the entrance of the parking lot, a simple reservation is made, so the next person knows that the place is taken. By doing so, the driver does not have to lurk around when a person ahead of you parks at the spot he/she was thinking of parking. Image of Screen at Parking Entrance R e d- -The sensor shows that there is a car. B l u e- -It is open now, but the person ahead of you is trying to park there. White- -The space is open. The screen is a touch panel, and reservation can be done by pressing the screen, and the status of the 3rd, 4th, and all floors can be checked By making this facility, accidents at parking lots will decrease In the limelight Kolkatas first underground automated car parking system was now acting as a showpiece attracting municipal corporations from around the country. The Municipal Corporation of Delhi has already signed an agreement with Simpark for such projects at more than one station. Hi-tech bay: Cars at the underground parking lot built by Simpark Infrastructure at the New Market complex in Kolkata. The facility will be opened to the public on April 20. Kolkata April 15 Simpark Infrastructure (P) Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of Simplex Projects Ltd, braving several odds has just completed an underground modern automated car parking system at one of the most congested areas of the city the New Market complex, a relic of the Raj to which all Kolkatans are emotionally attached. A trip to the Market for pre-Christmas shopping is a must for both young and old. The engineering marvel 30 ft below the ground has been achieved without disturbing the red brick-stoned heritage New Market structure facing the southern faà §ade, including the fabulous clock tower to the left. Initially planned as a multi-level car park above ground, the BOT project, facing stiff resistance from the market shop establishments, was shifted below with a shopping mall at the minus one level and the actual gantry system car parking at the minus two level. Sheet piling over a period of 18 months was done to safeguard the old buildings facing the market complex. Top down construction method has been adopted (no cannibalisation of the top surface), and the gantry system can be accessed through five entry points (gates) for cars to be placed on pallets, which will take them down to the designated parking slot. Fully computerised, there will be just one person each at the entry point to operate the system, and car recovery is said to take just 90 seconds. Showpiece Cited as Kolkatas first underground automated car parking system, the project, commissioned by the Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC), according to Mr B.K. Mundhra, Chairman and Managing Director of Simplex Projects, was now acting as a showpiece attracting municipal corporations from around the country. He said the Municipal Corporation of Delhi has already signed an agreement with Simpark for such projects at more than one stations. Talking to Business Line on the various challenges faced during the four-year construction period of the Rs 34-crore BOT project (with a 20-year concession period) by the Simpark engineering team, Mr Mundhra said the company has been able to just about break-even. The gain for us is the immense satisfaction of having completed such a difficult project in a small stretch (just 40,000 sq ft), capable of accommodating some 280 cars. He said the KMC would get 5 per cent of the parking fees, which is projected to be around Rs 2.5 lakh annually. The main earning for KMC will be through secondary basic rent from shop owners in the plaza. This is expected to yield annually around Rs 10 lakh for KMC while providing hassle-free parking for Kolkatans. Some 150 shop owners are said to have booked space at the plaza. Asked on Simparks future plans, Mr Mundhra said the company was planning to enter the semi-automatic private retail parking segment with the Intelligent Cubicle Sliding system, for which it has entered into a strategic tie-up with a Korean company. He said orders for prototypes of the compact system, which can be installed easily at building sites to fulfil private parking needs, have already been placed. A base level model, for holding some 8-10 cars, may cost anything between Rs 1.75 lakh and Rs 2.5 lakh.